Exam 7: Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Researchers provided participants with audiotapes that contained subliminal messages to improve memory or to raise self-esteem. After participants had listened to the tapes, the researchers assessed their memory or self-esteem. Greenwald and his colleagues found that the subliminal messages __________.

Most people believe that subliminal messages __________.

The function of cognitively based attitudes is __________.

The Yale Attitude Change approach focused on a number of factors that influence the success of a persuasive message. Which of the following best exemplifies communication variables as one of those factors?

It is estimated that one-third of the electorate knows almost nothing about specific politicians. Nonetheless, these people hold very strong opinions about them. This pattern of findings suggests that people's attitudes toward politicians may be largely __________.

Explicit attitudes are __________, while implicit attitudes are __________.

Your best friend Nina may or may not visit New York this weekend. According to the theory of planned behavior, what information would be most useful in helping you predict whether Nina will actually travel to New York?

Your friend wears bell-bottoms constantly, a behavior that offends your sense of style. If you wanted to apply cognitive dissonance theory to get your friend to change her attitude toward bell-bottoms, you should encourage her to give a public speech __________ under conditions of __________ external justification.

Oliver is participating in a research study of implicit attitudes. He was an overweight child but is a healthy-weight adult. If his results are similar to the participants in the study by Rudman and her colleagues (2007), he will have a __________ implicit attitude about overweight people.

The concept of subjective norms refers to people's __________.

Attitudes are of course an individual internal phenomenon, yet they are of tremendous interest to social psychologists. Why?

According to research presented in the chapter, consumers' attitudes toward products such as perfumes and greeting cards are __________ based because they are informed by __________.

According to your text, polls taken in the wake of the 2016 U.S. election showed that more than __________ of voters did not realize that "Obamacare" was the same thing as the Affordable Care Act. This resulted in their voting according to their affectively based attitude.

Researchers Briñol & Petty (2003) conducted a study in which participants were presented strong or weak arguments on an issue while they were either shaking their heads or nodding their heads to test the durability of headphones. Someone nodding his or her head would be more persuaded if presented a(n) __________ argument.

If an attitude is cognitively based, it is best to use rational arguments. What types of arguments work best to change an affectively based attitude?

Doty is out weeding her petunias when she sees a garden snake. She feels fear and jumps up and runs back to the house, all the while thinking, "I know that garden snakes are not dangerous." This example illustrates an inconsistency between the __________ component of attitudes and the __________ components.

The Yale Attitude Change approach focused on a number of factors that influence the success of a persuasive message. Which of the following best exemplifies audience variables as one of those factors?

Why, according to research by McGuire (1964), does attitude inoculation work to increase resistance to subsequent persuasion attempts?

Which of the following represents the utilitarian aspect of an attitude object, such as a consumer product?

In advertising, one way to grab people's attention is to __________.