Exam 9: Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Members of the military may need to engage in behaviors, such as killing or wounding the enemy, which may go against personal moral standards such as "Thou shalt not kill." To get people to adhere to group rather than individual standards, the military acts to increase soldiers' sense of __________ when they are on the battlefield.

Process loss can best be defined as __________.

Why is it important to study how effectively groups make decisions?

An ambitious study of leadership in 62 countries determined that __________.

Baron (1986) has found that flashing lights can cause the same social facilitation effects as the presence of other people. These findings support the idea that __________ is the source of arousal that enhances performance on simple tasks.

What is the primary benefit of having diversity within a group?

The key to success in the "prisoner's dilemma" game is to __________.

When studying deindividuation in adolescents, what intervention message seemed to be the most powerful in decreasing negative behavior in these adolescents?

The resident assistant of a campus residence hall notices that when a team of five students is assigned to clean the common room, the room is not as well cleaned as when only one student is assigned to clean it. What phenomenon does this example illustrate?

Which of the following collections of people best represents the social-psychological concept of a group?

Researchers (Karau & Williams, 1993) reviewed more than 150 studies on social loafing, and found that the tendency to loaf is stronger in men than in women. According to this text, why is this true?

Consider the following antisocial acts: European soccer fans sometimes attack and bludgeon players and other fans; in the United States, members of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) burned houses and lynched innocents; frenzied rock and roll fans trample one another, sometimes resulting in deaths. What do these situations have in common? They __________.

Recall that in the Stanford Prison Study conducted by Haney, Banks, and Zimbardo (1973), guards became increasingly aggressive and prisoners became increasingly submissive and withdrawn, all in under a week. Results of this (aborted) study suggest that __________.

One explanation for social facilitation focuses on the role of evaluation apprehension-the anxiety associated with being judged by others-in creating a state of arousal in people. What is the weakness of this explanation?

Jan is the leader of a cohesive "knowledge masters" group that is preparing to compete against teams from other colleges. To prevent groupthink and ensure that her group is successful, she should __________.

Complete the following analogy regarding social facilitation. Better: __________:: worse: __________.

In cross-cultural studies, what qualities of a leader seem to be valued by all cultures?

In describing his experiences during the decision-making process that preceded the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion, Kennedy's adviser, Arthur Schlesinger, reported that although he was opposed to the invasion, he didn't speak out because "others would regard it as presumptuous of him, a college professor, to take issue with august heads of government institutions." This example best reflects __________ as a symptom of groupthink.

At first blush, it would appear that integrative solutions (in which each side in a conflict agrees to concede something to the other) would be relatively easy to achieve. However, these kinds of solutions are difficult to achieve because __________.

Transactional leaders focus on __________ goals.