Exam 3: Culture

Define cultural lag and give an example that illustrates how cultural lag is a component of cultural change.

According to sociologist John Lofland,______________are items that people purchase despite the fact that they have little use or intrinsic value.

The extensive infusion of one nation's culture into other nations is referred to as:

All parts of culture do not change at the same pace.Sociologist William Ogburn referred to this disparity as______________,a gap between the technical development of a society and its moral and legal institutions.

Not all norms are of equal importance;______________are written down and involve specific punishments for violators.Laws are the most common type;they have been codified and may be enforced by sanctions.

When observing people from other cultures,many of us use our own culture as the yardstick by which we judge their behavior.Sociologists refer to this approach as ethnocentrism and it is based on the assumption that one's own way of life is superior to all others.

Define material culture and nonmaterial culture.Describe three examples of each in your own culture and how they have developed over time.

As you are rushing from one class to the next,you absentmindedly forget to hold the door open for the person coming through behind you.The consequence is that the person has the door slammed in his/her face.Which of the following cultural components has been violated as a result of your behavior?

Define material and nonmaterial culture and provide examples of each.

Today,discovery most often results from______________.For example,a future discovery of a cure for cancer or the common cold could result in longer and more productive lives for many people.

According to sociologist William Ogburn,cultural expulsion occurs when material cultural changes faster than nonmaterial culture,thus creating a gap between the two cultural components.

Sociologists stress that a gap always exists between ideal culture and real culture in a society.Ideal culture refers to the values and standards of behavior that people actually follow;whereas real culture refers to the values and standards of behavior that people in a society profess to hold.

During a sermon in church,a parishioner begins to talk to the person sitting next to her in an audible tone of voice.A man in another pew turns around,frowns at her,and says "Shhhhhhhh." This illustrates a(n):

A______________is a group that strongly rejects dominant societal values and norms and seeks alternative lifestyles.

______________ is the process of learning about something previously unknown or unrecognized.Historically,it involved unearthing natural elements or existing realties,such as fire or the true shape of the earth.

In a six square-block tract of downtown Boston,it is possible to purchase a bagel with cream cheese,dine on raw fish in a sushi bar,or grab a slice of pizza from a street vendor.This variety of food choices illustrates the process of:

Language is a source of power and social control;language perpetuates inequalities between people and between groups because words are used to "keep people in their place".

According to sociologist Ann Swidler,______________is/are a "tool kit of symbols,stories,rituals,and world views that people may use in varying configurations to solve different kinds of problems."

Discuss why culture is so significant to our personal identities.

The strongest mores are referred to as______________.They are so strong that their violation is considered to be extremely offensive and even unmentionable.