Exam 2: Critical Junctures

In the election to recall Gray Davis in 2003,a total of ______ candidates were listed on the ballot to replace him.

In the era prior to the institution of direct primaries,______.

Four men became extremely wealthy and powerful as a result of their ownership of the Southern Pacific,and were known as the "Big Four." Name two of them.

What is a presidio?

Which group of laborers were recruited and employed by the railroad companies to lay thousands of miles of track over the West's rugged terrain?

The process of shifting state prison inmates (those who have not committed sexual,violent,or serious crimes)to county jails and parole to reduce state prison overcrowding has been labeled ______.

The Alien Land Laws instituted during the Progressive era were ______.

The political movement that brought direct democracy to California stayed within the state's borders,and to this day,no other states have direct democracy.

One of the ways that political party bosses were able to control elections was through ______.

Until 1821,______ governed the Western lands containing California,and ______ ruled California for the next 20 years (until independence was won and California became a U.S.state).

How long has California been a state?

Which of these was famously called the "Octopus" because its influence over virtually every industry in the state was nearly complete?

Despite an improving national economy,California's annual state budget continues to run deficits that range into the billions of dollars.