Exam 2: Critical Junctures
Demographic change can be seen in public schools,where Hispanics/Latinos constituted ______ of all children enrolled in K-12 schools in 2016-2017.
C
Describe the political reforms established by the Progressives who dominated state government from 1911 to 1917.
Progressives reformed many types of laws,which encompassed workers' rights,ownership of public utilities,and more.Their most celebrated reforms concerned elections and parties,which were geared toward ensuring fair political representation.They established direct primaries,elections in which any party member could become a candidate for office and gain the nomination of their fellow party members through winning enough votes,rather than being picked by a party boss.They designated local and judicial elections as nonpartisan,meaning that no party identification would appear next to names listed on the ballot.They created the practice of cross-filing,which allowed any candidates' names to appear on any party's primary election ballot (without party labels),thus enabling candidates to obtain the nomination of more than one party.They also championed civil service reforms,which disallowed parties in power from rewarding their loyalists with government jobs;now such employment had to be earned through demonstration of merit.Most importantly,they adopted direct democracy: the initiative,referendum,and recall.Alien Land Laws,or laws restricting foreigners (Chinese and Japanese specifically),also were created during this era.
Which private company was likened to an octopus in a famous cartoon,due to its monopolistic control over all major aspects of economic life in early California including banking,overland and overseas shipping,postal services,lumber,telegraph services,other wholesale industries,and of course,politics?
D
Between 1821 and 1848,the lands containing California became part of which country?
As run-down,aging California neighborhoods are revitalized and become thriving,trendy areas that attract higher-income residents,the lower-income residents who previously lived in the area are displaced--a phenomenon known as ______.
Which is the anti-tax initiative that succeeded in 1978,essentially limiting taxes to 1% of a property's sale price?
As a result of redistricting after 1965,political influence in the legislature passed from ______.
The first European explorers to arrive in what is known as California were ______.
Explain how Progressives helped to trigger California's first "giant political earthquake."
In what major ways will racial and ethnic diversification continue to have important political dimensions?
The Big Four (Stanford,Huntington,Crocker,and Hopkins)became powerful due to their ownership of ______.
After cross-filing was eliminated in the 1950s,which party became dominant?
Theoretically,if enough candidates had emerged as "favorites" in the race for governor to replace Gray Davis (2003),Arnold Schwarzenegger could have won by securing less than 10% of the vote--as long as he won the highest percentage of votes among all the candidates.
Name four Progressive era reforms that were designed to disable political parties.
The state legislature was transformed in 1966 by Proposition 1A,a measure that professionalized the lawmaking body by ______.
Jerry Brown has been allowed to serve a record four terms as governor of California because ______.
Prior to the 1960s,cozy relationships developed between legislators and lobbyists because ______.
The fastest-growing ethnic group in California (in 2017)is ______.
What significant elections-related changes have been brought about by election-related initiatives passed in 2008 and 2010?
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