Question 1

An organism's _________ describes its feeding position within an ecosystem.

Accepted Answer

A) prey level 
B) production level 
C) consumption level 
D) trophic level 
E) predator level 
A) prey level 
B) production level 
C) consumption level 
D) trophic level 
E) predator level

Question 2

An increase about 1,000 years ago in 13C content of human collagen from archeological sites in eastern North America probably records

Accepted Answer

A) replacement of vegetables and grains in the diet by meat. 
B) replacement of corn by beans and squash in the diet. 
C) increasing consumption of corn. 
D) increasing levels of 13C in soils. 
E) increasing levels of 13C in the atmosphere. 
A) replacement of vegetables and grains in the diet by meat. 
B) replacement of corn by beans and squash in the diet. 
C) increasing consumption of corn. 
D) increasing levels of 13C in soils. 
E) increasing levels of 13C in the atmosphere.

Question 3

On the Serengeti plain of eastern Africa,large grazing mammals consume what fraction of total primary production?

Accepted Answer

A) a negligibly small amount 
B) about 10% 
C) about 25% 
D) about 66% 
E) nearly all 
A) a negligibly small amount 
B) about 10% 
C) about 25% 
D) about 66% 
E) nearly all

Question 4

Leibig's "Law of the Minimum" stated that

Accepted Answer

A) the lowest primary productivity occurs in the coldest ecosystems. 
B) primary productivity is typically controlled entirely by climate. 
C) primary productivity is typically controlled by both climate and soil nutrients. 
D) a single soil nutrient typically limits primary productivity. 
E) the highest primary productivity occurs at the lowest trophic level. 
A) the lowest primary productivity occurs in the coldest ecosystems. 
B) primary productivity is typically controlled entirely by climate. 
C) primary productivity is typically controlled by both climate and soil nutrients. 
D) a single soil nutrient typically limits primary productivity. 
E) the highest primary productivity occurs at the lowest trophic level.

Question 5

In Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest,the fraction of available solar energy fixed by primary producers is

Accepted Answer

A) approximately 2%. 
B) approximately 15%. 
C) approximately 50%. 
D) nearly all of it. 
E) Primary producers do not fix solar energy. 
A) approximately 2%. 
B) approximately 15%. 
C) approximately 50%. 
D) nearly all of it. 
E) Primary producers do not fix solar energy.

Question 6

The low productivity of arctic tundra ecosystems results

Accepted Answer

A) entirely because tundra has low evapotranspiration. 
B) entirely because tundra soils are low in nutrients. 
C) entirely because tundra soils retain water poorly. 
D) because tundra soils have low nutrients and retain water poorly. 
E) because tundra has low evapotranspiration and low-nutrient soils. 
A) entirely because tundra has low evapotranspiration. 
B) entirely because tundra soils are low in nutrients. 
C) entirely because tundra soils retain water poorly. 
D) because tundra soils have low nutrients and retain water poorly. 
E) because tundra has low evapotranspiration and low-nutrient soils.

Question 7

Bowman and his colleagues,who added nutrients to the alpine tundra on Niwot Ridge,Colorado,found

Accepted Answer

A) phosphorus is the main nutrient limiting primary production in all meadows. 
B) nitrogen is the main nutrient limiting primary production in all meadows. 
C) phosphorus is the main nutrient limiting primary production in dry meadows. 
D) nitrogen is the main nutrient limiting primary production in wet meadows. 
E) nitrogen and phosphorus jointly limit primary production in wet meadows. 
A) phosphorus is the main nutrient limiting primary production in all meadows. 
B) nitrogen is the main nutrient limiting primary production in all meadows. 
C) phosphorus is the main nutrient limiting primary production in dry meadows. 
D) nitrogen is the main nutrient limiting primary production in wet meadows. 
E) nitrogen and phosphorus jointly limit primary production in wet meadows.

Question 8

The major source of nutrients in surface waters of the open ocean is

Accepted Answer

A) mixing of subsurface with surface waters. 
B) deposition from the atmosphere. 
C) addition by ocean currents bringing nutrients from nearshore waters. 
D) decomposition of dead organic material. 
E) photosynthesis by planktonic algae. 
A) mixing of subsurface with surface waters. 
B) deposition from the atmosphere. 
C) addition by ocean currents bringing nutrients from nearshore waters. 
D) decomposition of dead organic material. 
E) photosynthesis by planktonic algae.

Question 9

The influences of nutrients and temperatures on ecosystem properties are part of what ecologists call "bottom-up controls."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest,the largest "standing stock" of energy is represented by biomass of

Accepted Answer

A) living plant tissues. 
B) dead plant tissues. 
C) invertebrate herbivores. 
D) vertebrate herbivores. 
E) vertebrate carnivores. 
A) living plant tissues. 
B) dead plant tissues. 
C) invertebrate herbivores. 
D) vertebrate herbivores. 
E) vertebrate carnivores.

An organism's _________ describes its feeding position within an ecosystem.

An increase about 1,000 years ago in ¹³C content of human collagen from archeological sites in eastern North America probably records

On the Serengeti plain of eastern Africa,large grazing mammals consume what fraction of total primary production?

Leibig's "Law of the Minimum" stated that

In Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest,the fraction of available solar energy fixed by primary producers is

The low productivity of arctic tundra ecosystems results

Bowman and his colleagues,who added nutrients to the alpine tundra on Niwot Ridge,Colorado,found

The major source of nutrients in surface waters of the open ocean is

The influences of nutrients and temperatures on ecosystem properties are part of what ecologists call "bottom-up controls."

In Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest,the largest "standing stock" of energy is represented by biomass of

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

Filters

Exam 18: Primary Production and Energy Flow

An organism's _________ describes its feeding position within an ecosystem.

An increase about 1,000 years ago in 13C content of human collagen from archeological sites in eastern North America probably records

On the Serengeti plain of eastern Africa,large grazing mammals consume what fraction of total primary production?

Leibig's "Law of the Minimum" stated that

In Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest,the fraction of available solar energy fixed by primary producers is

The low productivity of arctic tundra ecosystems results

Bowman and his colleagues,who added nutrients to the alpine tundra on Niwot Ridge,Colorado,found

The major source of nutrients in surface waters of the open ocean is

The influences of nutrients and temperatures on ecosystem properties are part of what ecologists call "bottom-up controls."

In Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest,the largest "standing stock" of energy is represented by biomass of

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

Filters

An increase about 1,000 years ago in ¹³C content of human collagen from archeological sites in eastern North America probably records