Question 1

The "Mann-Whitney test"

Accepted Answer

A) assumes that data from the populations being compared are normally distributed. 
B) is identical in calculation to a t-test. 
C) is based on ranked data rather than actual measurements. 
D) is a procedure for measuring concentrations of dissolved nitrates in freshwater. 
E) is a procedure for measuring levels of calcium and potassium in soils. 
A) assumes that data from the populations being compared are normally distributed. 
B) is identical in calculation to a t-test. 
C) is based on ranked data rather than actual measurements. 
D) is a procedure for measuring concentrations of dissolved nitrates in freshwater. 
E) is a procedure for measuring levels of calcium and potassium in soils.

Question 2

McAuliffe found middle to late Pleistocene soils of the Sonoran Desert,which formed hundreds of thousands of years ago,were characterized by

Accepted Answer

A) a well-developed B horizon. 
B) high amounts of clay. 
C) a well-developed caliche layer. 
D) a well-developed argillic horizon. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) a well-developed B horizon. 
B) high amounts of clay. 
C) a well-developed caliche layer. 
D) a well-developed argillic horizon. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 3

A large value of the patch shape index,S = P/(2$\surd$ $\pi$A),indicates a

Accepted Answer

A) shape near a circle,with a high perimeter-to-area ratio. 
B) shape near a circle,with a low perimeter-to-area ratio. 
C) very elongated shape,with a low perimeter-to-area ratio. 
D) very elongated shape,with a high perimeter-to-area ratio. 
A) shape near a circle,with a high perimeter-to-area ratio. 
B) shape near a circle,with a low perimeter-to-area ratio. 
C) very elongated shape,with a low perimeter-to-area ratio. 
D) very elongated shape,with a high perimeter-to-area ratio.

Question 4

Which is NOT an important effect of floods on landscapes and ecosystems in riverine floodplains?

Accepted Answer

A) isolating oxbow lakes 
B) reducing rates of decomposition 
C) enriching soils through silt deposition 
D) creating new river channels 
E) causing pulses of seed germination in riparian plants 
A) isolating oxbow lakes 
B) reducing rates of decomposition 
C) enriching soils through silt deposition 
D) creating new river channels 
E) causing pulses of seed germination in riparian plants

Question 5

"Argyllic horizons" in soil are rich in

Accepted Answer

A) phosphorous. 
B) organic matter. 
C) sand. 
D) gravel. 
E) clay. 
A) phosphorous. 
B) organic matter. 
C) sand. 
D) gravel. 
E) clay.

Question 6

Flood control on the Kissimmee River of Florida

Accepted Answer

A) was achieved primarily by regulating water input to Lake Kissimmee. 
B) greatly decreased wetland area in the river basin. 
C) allowed increased populations of game fish,including largemouth bass. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) both greatly decreased wetland area in the river basin and allowed increased populations of game fish,including largemouth bass. 
A) was achieved primarily by regulating water input to Lake Kissimmee. 
B) greatly decreased wetland area in the river basin. 
C) allowed increased populations of game fish,including largemouth bass. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) both greatly decreased wetland area in the river basin and allowed increased populations of game fish,including largemouth bass.

Question 7

Vegetation in bajadas of the Arizona Sonoran Desert

Accepted Answer

A) is largely uniform,as are the soils it grows on. 
B) is largely uniform,despite variation in the soils it grows on. 
C) varies in space,primarily reflecting a mosaic of ancient and recently disturbed patches. 
D) varies in space,primarily reflecting a mosaic of soil types. 
E) varies in space,primarily reflecting patchy enrichment by agricultural fertilization. 
A) is largely uniform,as are the soils it grows on. 
B) is largely uniform,despite variation in the soils it grows on. 
C) varies in space,primarily reflecting a mosaic of ancient and recently disturbed patches. 
D) varies in space,primarily reflecting a mosaic of soil types. 
E) varies in space,primarily reflecting patchy enrichment by agricultural fertilization.

Question 8

A heterogeneous area consisting of a patchwork of distinctive ecosystems is called a ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) habitat 
B) matrix 
C) landscape 
D) geographic unit 
E) community 
A) habitat 
B) matrix 
C) landscape 
D) geographic unit 
E) community

Question 9

For Glanville fritillary butterflies in Finland,larger habitat patches (compared to smaller ones)support

Accepted Answer

A) higher population sizes and higher population densities. 
B) higher population sizes but equal population densities. 
C) higher population sizes but lower population densities. 
D) equal population sizes,due to higher population densities. 
E) equal population sizes and equal population densities. 
A) higher population sizes and higher population densities. 
B) higher population sizes but equal population densities. 
C) higher population sizes but lower population densities. 
D) equal population sizes,due to higher population densities. 
E) equal population sizes and equal population densities.

Question 10

Vegetation in southern California burns frequently because

Accepted Answer

A) summers there are hot and very dry. 
B) the vegetation contains highly flammable oils. 
C) lightning strikes easily ignite dry vegetation. 
D) human activities provide sources of ignition. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) summers there are hot and very dry. 
B) the vegetation contains highly flammable oils. 
C) lightning strikes easily ignite dry vegetation. 
D) human activities provide sources of ignition. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

The "Mann-Whitney test"

McAuliffe found middle to late Pleistocene soils of the Sonoran Desert,which formed hundreds of thousands of years ago,were characterized by

A large value of the patch shape index,S = P/(2 $\surd$ $\pi$ A),indicates a

Which is NOT an important effect of floods on landscapes and ecosystems in riverine floodplains?

"Argyllic horizons" in soil are rich in

Flood control on the Kissimmee River of Florida

Vegetation in bajadas of the Arizona Sonoran Desert

A heterogeneous area consisting of a patchwork of distinctive ecosystems is called a ___________.

For Glanville fritillary butterflies in Finland,larger habitat patches (compared to smaller ones)support

Vegetation in southern California burns frequently because

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

Filters

Exam 21: Landscape Ecology

The "Mann-Whitney test"

McAuliffe found middle to late Pleistocene soils of the Sonoran Desert,which formed hundreds of thousands of years ago,were characterized by

A large value of the patch shape index,S = P/(2 √\surd√ π\piπ A),indicates a

Which is NOT an important effect of floods on landscapes and ecosystems in riverine floodplains?

"Argyllic horizons" in soil are rich in

Flood control on the Kissimmee River of Florida

Vegetation in bajadas of the Arizona Sonoran Desert

A heterogeneous area consisting of a patchwork of distinctive ecosystems is called a ___________.

For Glanville fritillary butterflies in Finland,larger habitat patches (compared to smaller ones)support

Vegetation in southern California burns frequently because

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

Filters

A large value of the patch shape index,S = P/(2 $\surd$ $\pi$ A),indicates a