Exam 7: Deviance, crime, and Social Control

The societal-reaction approach is also known as

Discuss why the definitions of deviance and social stigma are dependent on cultural variations and socially accepted norms.Give examples of how people are stigmatized for behaviors they may no longer engage in.

Laws,dress codes,and games all express social norms.

Define and discuss white-collar crime.How does it compare to street crime? Provide examples.

Which sociological perspective emphasizes how societies literally could not operate if massive numbers of people defied standards of appropriate conduct?

A person convicted of a crime-even when prior arrest record and severity of the crime are taken into account-is more likely to receive a shorter prison sentence if he or she is

Explain why sociologists see the creation of laws as a social process.

According to journalist Naomi Wolf,women in the U.S.who do not conform to the beauty myth are viewed as deviant.

A sociologist studies how a teacher's attitudes toward particular students affect students' performance.Students of similar abilities who are "teacher's pets" perform at a high level,and students who are viewed as "troublemakers" perform poorly.This illustrates which explanation of deviance?

Which theory attributes increases in crime and deviance to the absence or breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions?

Which sociological perspective would be particularly concerned about studies that show that White criminal offenders receive shorter sentences than comparable Latino and African American offenders?

Which of the following connections to criminality is commonly rejected by sociologists?

An important tenet of labeling theory is the recognition that some individuals or groups have the power to define labels and apply them to others.This view shares the emphasis on the social significance of power maintained by the

An employee at a welfare office is so concerned with paperwork that he doesn't have time to administer to the needs of the poor,hungry,and homeless individuals who seek assistance.According to Merton's theory,this welfare worker would be a(n)

Our society places greater emphasis on individual economic achievement than other societies do.

Arnold gets an "A" on his organic chemistry exam because he copies most of his answers from Stanley,the "class brain" who is sitting next to him.According to Merton's anomie theory of deviance,Arnold would be classified as a(n)

Discuss the various components of social control.Identify and describe how sanctions may be used to control the expectations of society regarding people's actions and behaviors.

Female criminologists have suggested that many of the existing approaches to deviance and crime were actually developed with both women and men in mind.

The work of a group that regulates relations between various criminal enterprises involved in the smuggling and sale of drugs,prostitution,gambling,and other illegal activities is called

Which of the following individuals would most likely be the focus of labeling theorists who are researching the power of some individuals or groups to define labels?