Exam 10: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

One shortcoming of split-labor-market theory is that it ____________________________.

Children are not "naturally" prejudiced. Prejudice and discrimination are reinforced when relatives and friends reward children with smiles and laughs for telling derogatory jokes or making negative comments about outgroup members. This is the basic framework of the______________ .

One study found that as the economic conditions worsened in the South, whites aimed their anger toward African Americans, who then became a scapegoat. As a result, there was an increase in the lynching of African Americans. This illustrates______________ theory.

______________is the coexistence of a variety of distinct racial and ethnic groups within one society; this coexistence occurs when groups share elements of the mainstream culture while remaining culturally distinct from both the dominant group and other social and ethnic groups.

Which of these racial/ethnic groups has been the most privileged group in the United States?

The theory of______________ states that racial and ethnic relations in the United States have been shaped to a large extent by actions and policies of the government.

___________is the term for a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, often on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, eye shape, or other subjectively selected attributes.

Explain the difference between the concepts of race and ethnicity.

African Americans today have the same rate of unemployment as whites.

Oliver Cox, applying a class perspective on racial inequality, has suggested that African Americans were enslaved because _______________.

According to sociological definitions, subordinate groups and dominant groups are not actually groups because the members do not necessarily interact with each other.

Two players on a professional sports team are best friends; it so happens that one player is white and the other is African American. According to sociologist Robert Merton's typology of prejudice and discrimination, these players are______________.

The systematic killing of thousands of Native Americans by the U.S. government and the extermination of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War II are examples of ______________.

Define and explain the concept of racial formation in the creation of unequal racial and ethnic relations. Give several specific examples from the United States to illustrate racial formation.

An important contribution of the caste perspective is______________ .

Describe critical race theory as an alternative perspective on racial and ethnic relations.

In San Jose, California, managers of Denny's restaurants were instructed to implement policies designed to limit or discourage African American patronage. Applying the typology of Joe Feagin, these policies are an example of ______________discrimination.

In the United States, in ___________, for the first time individuals were able to identify themselves on the Census as being of more than one race.

Racism tends to intensify during periods of economic uncertainty.

Sociologist Joe Feagin distinguishes four different categories of discrimination. He uses the term______________ for harmful action intentionally taken by a dominant-group member against a member of a subordinate group, with or without the support of other members of the dominant group in the same social context.