Question 1

The Nuremberg Code arose in response to which event?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Nazi experiments conducted during WWII 
B)  The Tuskegee Experiments 
C)  The Willowbrook Experiments 
D)  The Regimen 076 study 
A)  The Nazi experiments conducted during WWII 
B)  The Tuskegee Experiments 
C)  The Willowbrook Experiments 
D)  The Regimen 076 study A

Question 2

Valid consent requires that we deliberate before we decide, and genuine deliberations require which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  information and understanding 
B)  information only 
C)  understanding only 
D)  neither; merely saying yes to participation is sufficient 
A)  information and understanding 
B)  information only 
C)  understanding only 
D)  neither; merely saying yes to participation is sufficient A

Question 3

The basic requirement that must be met for an experiment to be morally legitimate is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the experiment must be beneficial to the subject. 
B)  the experiment must be beneficial to mankind. 
C)  the subject must have given informed consent to be involved. 
D)  the experiment must be legally permissible. 
A)  the experiment must be beneficial to the subject. 
B)  the experiment must be beneficial to mankind. 
C)  the subject must have given informed consent to be involved. 
D)  the experiment must be legally permissible. C

Question 4

Which of the following is true of Phase I clinical trials?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are designed to determine dosage, toxicity, and side effects. 
B)  They rely solely on animals as test subjects. 
C)  They are not required by the FDA. 
D)  They are the last stage of clinical testing. 
A)  They are designed to determine dosage, toxicity, and side effects. 
B)  They rely solely on animals as test subjects. 
C)  They are not required by the FDA. 
D)  They are the last stage of clinical testing.

Question 5

Peter Singer argued that our willingness to tolerate animal experiments can be explained by

Accepted Answer

A)  their effectiveness. 
B)  their cheapness. 
C)  our racism. 
D)  our speciesism. 
A)  their effectiveness. 
B)  their cheapness. 
C)  our racism. 
D)  our speciesism.

Question 6

One problem with many medical trials going unpublished is that this situation could result in

Accepted Answer

A)  false positive results. 
B)  false negative results. 
C)  selection bias. 
D)  the increased use of placebos. 
A)  false positive results. 
B)  false negative results. 
C)  selection bias. 
D)  the increased use of placebos.

Question 7

Which of the following is or are true of a placebo?

Accepted Answer

A)  Placebos are used in randomized clinical trials. 
B)  Placebos contain the currently most effective treatment for a condition. 
C)  Participants who receive a placebo during a trial know that they are receiving a placebo. 
D)  all of these choices 
A)  Placebos are used in randomized clinical trials. 
B)  Placebos contain the currently most effective treatment for a condition. 
C)  Participants who receive a placebo during a trial know that they are receiving a placebo. 
D)  all of these choices

Question 8

Peter Singer believes that the major health problems in the world continue to exist predominantly as the result of which fact or facts?

Accepted Answer

A)  No one is putting enough effort and money into enacting the treatments and prevention measures that we already know how to do. 
B)  We do not know how to properly prevent diseases and keep people healthy. 
C)  We do not conduct enough testing with animals. 
D)  All of these choices 
A)  No one is putting enough effort and money into enacting the treatments and prevention measures that we already know how to do. 
B)  We do not know how to properly prevent diseases and keep people healthy. 
C)  We do not conduct enough testing with animals. 
D)  All of these choices

Question 9

According to Roman Catholicism,

Accepted Answer

A)  all fetal research is forbidden. 
B)  the fetus is a person. 
C)  research involving fetal tissue is prohibited. 
D)  research involving fetal remains is prohibited. 
A)  all fetal research is forbidden. 
B)  the fetus is a person. 
C)  research involving fetal tissue is prohibited. 
D)  research involving fetal remains is prohibited.

Question 10

Since her parents could not afford either a transplant or the Norwood procedure (alternative correctional surgery) the case of Baby Fae raised issues about

Accepted Answer

A)  commercial surrogacy. 
B)  informed consent. 
C)  commercial medicine. 
D)  euthanasia. 
A)  commercial surrogacy. 
B)  informed consent. 
C)  commercial medicine. 
D)  euthanasia.

Question 11

Just as one sex has served as the standard for biomedical research, so has

Accepted Answer

A)  one form of placebo. 
B)  one form of sexuality. 
C)  one form of treatment. 
D)  one form of race. 
A)  one form of placebo. 
B)  one form of sexuality. 
C)  one form of treatment. 
D)  one form of race.

Question 12

Genuine deliberation requires

Accepted Answer

A)  only information. 
B)  only understanding. 
C)  both information and understanding. 
D)  information, understanding, and autonomy. 
A)  only information. 
B)  only understanding. 
C)  both information and understanding. 
D)  information, understanding, and autonomy.

Question 13

The autonomy of prisoners could be compromised by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The offer of monetary inducements to participate in research 
B)  The offer of non-monetary inducements to participate in research 
C)  Their incarceration 
D)  All of these choices 
A)  The offer of monetary inducements to participate in research 
B)  The offer of non-monetary inducements to participate in research 
C)  Their incarceration 
D)  All of these choices

Question 14

Which of the following are considered vulnerable populations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children 
B)  Prisoners 
C)  The mentally impaired and people suffering from mental illnesses 
D)  all of these choices 
A)  Children 
B)  Prisoners 
C)  The mentally impaired and people suffering from mental illnesses 
D)  all of these choices

Question 15

Eugene Passamani believes that the ethical difficulties surrounding randomized clinical trials can be overcome if which of the following conditions is met?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants give informed consent. 
B)  A state of clinical equipoise exists. 
C)  The trial is designed as a test of therapeutic alternatives. 
D)  All of these choices 
A)  Participants give informed consent. 
B)  A state of clinical equipoise exists. 
C)  The trial is designed as a test of therapeutic alternatives. 
D)  All of these choices

Question 16

Clinical Equipoise is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a term denoting the fact that of two or more treatment options, no one of them has been established clearly superior to another. 
B)  a rare disease. 
C)  a specific type of Phase I Clinical Trial. 
D)  when physicians clearly recognize that one type of therapy is vastly superior to alternative therapies. 
A)  a term denoting the fact that of two or more treatment options, no one of them has been established clearly superior to another. 
B)  a rare disease. 
C)  a specific type of Phase I Clinical Trial. 
D)  when physicians clearly recognize that one type of therapy is vastly superior to alternative therapies.

Exam 2: Research Ethics and Informed Consent-PART A

The Nuremberg Code arose in response to which event?

Valid consent requires that we deliberate before we decide, and genuine deliberations require which of the following?

The basic requirement that must be met for an experiment to be morally legitimate is that

Which of the following is true of Phase I clinical trials?

Peter Singer argued that our willingness to tolerate animal experiments can be explained by

One problem with many medical trials going unpublished is that this situation could result in

Which of the following is or are true of a placebo?

Peter Singer believes that the major health problems in the world continue to exist predominantly as the result of which fact or facts?

According to Roman Catholicism,

Since her parents could not afford either a transplant or the Norwood procedure (alternative correctional surgery) the case of Baby Fae raised issues about

Just as one sex has served as the standard for biomedical research, so has

Genuine deliberation requires

The autonomy of prisoners could be compromised by which of the following?

Which of the following are considered vulnerable populations?

Eugene Passamani believes that the ethical difficulties surrounding randomized clinical trials can be overcome if which of the following conditions is met?

Clinical Equipoise is:

Physicians, Patients, and Others: Roles and Responsibilities

Physicians, Patients, and Others: Roles and Responsibilities-PART A

Research Ethics and Informed Consent

Genetic Control

Genetic Control-PART A

Reproductive Control

Reproductive Control-PART A

Abortion

Abortion-PART A

The Dilemma of Impaired Infants

The Dilemma of Impaired Infants-PART A

Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Death

Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Death Suicide-PART A

Organ Transplants and Scarce Medical Resources

Organ Transplants and Scarce Medical Resources-PART A

Distributing Health Care

Distributing Health Care-PART A

Medicine in a Pluralistic Society

Medicine in a Pluralistic Society-PART A

The Challenge of Global Bioethics

The Challenge of Global Bioethics-PART A

Ethical Theories, Moral Principles, and Medical Decisions

Ethical Theories, Moral Principles, and Medical Decisions-PART A

Ethical Issues in Healthcare

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