Question 1

According to Emanuel and Wertheimer, when a vaccine cannot be provided for everyone, which group should be given the vaccine first?

Accepted Answer

A)  producers, distributors and administrator of the vaccine 
B)  mothers and young children 
C)  the President, his family and members of Congress 
D)  none of the above 
A)  producers, distributors and administrator of the vaccine 
B)  mothers and young children 
C)  the President, his family and members of Congress 
D)  none of the above A

Question 2

A microallocation decision

Accepted Answer

A)  directly impacts classes of persons. 
B)  directly impacts individuals. 
C)  indirectly affects populations in different ways. 
D)  is concerned with low-value goods. 
A)  directly impacts classes of persons. 
B)  directly impacts individuals. 
C)  indirectly affects populations in different ways. 
D)  is concerned with low-value goods. B

Question 3

Which of the following moral theories holds that when allocating limited supplies of goods, such as donor organs, considerations such as talent, intelligence, age, and social worth are morally irrelevant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Utilitarian 
B)  Kantian 
C)  Paternalism 
D)  Rawlsian 
A)  Utilitarian 
B)  Kantian 
C)  Paternalism 
D)  Rawlsian B

Question 4

Which principle allows the unequal allocation of resources provided that it benefits the least advantaged members of society?

Accepted Answer

A)  The macroallocation principle 
B)  The principle of double effect 
C)  The difference principle 
D)  The equity principle 
A)  The macroallocation principle 
B)  The principle of double effect 
C)  The difference principle 
D)  The equity principle

Question 5

Appel argued that death row inmates should be allowed to be candidates for kidney transplants because of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  If a death row inmate were wrongly convicted, denying him a transplant would result in the irreversible suffering of an innocent person. 
B)  It would be wrong for a medical decision to lower a death row inmate's quality of life while he is waiting for execution. 
C)  A death row inmate's life expectancy should not be considered relevant to a transplant decision. 
D)  all of these choices 
A)  If a death row inmate were wrongly convicted, denying him a transplant would result in the irreversible suffering of an innocent person. 
B)  It would be wrong for a medical decision to lower a death row inmate's quality of life while he is waiting for execution. 
C)  A death row inmate's life expectancy should not be considered relevant to a transplant decision. 
D)  all of these choices

Question 6

What reason or reasons lead to Ken Duke's heart transplant sparking a controversy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ken Duke was a prisoner at the time of the transplant. 
B)  The state of California ended up paying the estimated $1 million cost of the transplant. 
C)  If the transplant had not been done, Ken Duke's estate could have sued the state. 
D)  all of these choices 
A)  Ken Duke was a prisoner at the time of the transplant. 
B)  The state of California ended up paying the estimated $1 million cost of the transplant. 
C)  If the transplant had not been done, Ken Duke's estate could have sued the state. 
D)  all of these choices

Question 7

According to Emanuel and Wertheimer rationing is

Accepted Answer

A)  unjust 
B)  egalitarian 
C)  inescapable 
D)  never justified. 
A)  unjust 
B)  egalitarian 
C)  inescapable 
D)  never justified.

Question 8

Which allocation principle would give priority to 6 month olds over 1 year olds when allocating vaccines during an epidemic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Life Cycle Principle 
B)  Pandemic Principle 
C)  Save Most Lives Principle 
D)  Fairness Principle 
A)  Life Cycle Principle 
B)  Pandemic Principle 
C)  Save Most Lives Principle 
D)  Fairness Principle

Question 9

Taking such factors as education, age, and record of accomplishment when allocating society's limited goods is generally referred to as what type of argument?

Accepted Answer

A)  Best Person 
B)  Categorical Imperative 
C)  Social Calculus 
D)  Social Worth 
A)  Best Person 
B)  Categorical Imperative 
C)  Social Calculus 
D)  Social Worth

Question 10

Which policy or organ procurement is based on the view that the donor has tacitly consented to donate an organ?

Accepted Answer

A)  presumed consent 
B)  altruistic donation 
C)  organ markets 
D)  mandated choice 
A)  presumed consent 
B)  altruistic donation 
C)  organ markets 
D)  mandated choice

Question 11

The view that each person should have the opportunity to live through each stage of life is termed a

Accepted Answer

A)  Pandemic Principle 
B)  Save Most Lives Principle 
C)  Fairness Principle 
D)  Life Cycle Principle 
A)  Pandemic Principle 
B)  Save Most Lives Principle 
C)  Fairness Principle 
D)  Life Cycle Principle

Question 12

Decisions that control the supply itself-for example, what proportion of the federal budget will be spent on medical care-are generally referred to by what term?

Accepted Answer

A)  macroallocation 
B)  microallocation 
C)  Medicaid 
D)  Dialysis 
A)  macroallocation 
B)  microallocation 
C)  Medicaid 
D)  Dialysis

Question 13

Annas argued that a charity approach to organ procurement was demeaning based on what rationale?

Accepted Answer

A)  A charity approach to organ procurement is much worse than the market approach and thus, unlike the latter, is intolerable. 
B)  A charity approach to organ procurement puts a very low value on both individual rights and equality and fairness. 
C)  Requiring the less financially fortunate to make public appeals for funding amounts to rationing by financial ability and thus to believing that a price can be placed on human life. 
D)  Requiring the less financially fortunate to make public appeals for funding makes such persons beholden to those who fund their medical procedures. 
A)  A charity approach to organ procurement is much worse than the market approach and thus, unlike the latter, is intolerable. 
B)  A charity approach to organ procurement puts a very low value on both individual rights and equality and fairness. 
C)  Requiring the less financially fortunate to make public appeals for funding amounts to rationing by financial ability and thus to believing that a price can be placed on human life. 
D)  Requiring the less financially fortunate to make public appeals for funding makes such persons beholden to those who fund their medical procedures.

Question 14

The present system of organ procurement by voluntary donation in the United States is often referred to by which of the following terms?

Accepted Answer

A)  presumed consent 
B)  altruistic donation 
C)  living donors 
D)  informed consent 
A)  presumed consent 
B)  altruistic donation 
C)  living donors 
D)  informed consent

Question 15

Phadke and Anandh argue for the view that the medical profession should reject commercial organ procurement on what grounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Commercial organ procurement exploits the poor. 
B)  Commercial organ procurement commercializes the body. 
C)  Commercial organ procurement exploits the poor, commercializes the body, and undercuts human dignity. 
D)  Commercial organ procurement exploits the poor and undercuts human dignity. 
A)  Commercial organ procurement exploits the poor. 
B)  Commercial organ procurement commercializes the body. 
C)  Commercial organ procurement exploits the poor, commercializes the body, and undercuts human dignity. 
D)  Commercial organ procurement exploits the poor and undercuts human dignity.

Question 16

The Life Cycle Principle is inherently

Accepted Answer

A)  egalitarian. 
B)  utilitarian. 
C)  Kantian. 
D)  unjust. 
A)  egalitarian. 
B)  utilitarian. 
C)  Kantian. 
D)  unjust.

Exam 8: Organ Transplants and Scarce Medical Resources-PART A

According to Emanuel and Wertheimer, when a vaccine cannot be provided for everyone, which group should be given the vaccine first?

A microallocation decision

Which of the following moral theories holds that when allocating limited supplies of goods, such as donor organs, considerations such as talent, intelligence, age, and social worth are morally irrelevant?

Which principle allows the unequal allocation of resources provided that it benefits the least advantaged members of society?

Appel argued that death row inmates should be allowed to be candidates for kidney transplants because of which of the following?

What reason or reasons lead to Ken Duke's heart transplant sparking a controversy?

According to Emanuel and Wertheimer rationing is

Which allocation principle would give priority to 6 month olds over 1 year olds when allocating vaccines during an epidemic?

Taking such factors as education, age, and record of accomplishment when allocating society's limited goods is generally referred to as what type of argument?

Which policy or organ procurement is based on the view that the donor has tacitly consented to donate an organ?

The view that each person should have the opportunity to live through each stage of life is termed a

Decisions that control the supply itself-for example, what proportion of the federal budget will be spent on medical care-are generally referred to by what term?

Annas argued that a charity approach to organ procurement was demeaning based on what rationale?

The present system of organ procurement by voluntary donation in the United States is often referred to by which of the following terms?

Phadke and Anandh argue for the view that the medical profession should reject commercial organ procurement on what grounds?

The Life Cycle Principle is inherently

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