Question 1

In the Lotka-Volterra competition equations, if α21 > 1, then

Accepted Answer

A)  the population growth rate of species 2 is reduced equally by individuals of either species 1 or species 2. 
B)  the population growth rate of species 2 is reduced more by each individual of species 2 than by each individual of species 1. 
C)  the population growth rate of species 2 is reduced more by each individual of species 1 than by each individual of species 2. 
D)  We would also have to know the value of K2 to decide which of the above is true. 
E)  We cannot tell from the parameters of the equation which of the choices is true. 
A)  the population growth rate of species 2 is reduced equally by individuals of either species 1 or species 2. 
B)  the population growth rate of species 2 is reduced more by each individual of species 2 than by each individual of species 1. 
C)  the population growth rate of species 2 is reduced more by each individual of species 1 than by each individual of species 2. 
D)  We would also have to know the value of K2 to decide which of the above is true. 
E)  We cannot tell from the parameters of the equation which of the choices is true.

Question 2

Ecologists sometimes use ________ as simpler representations of the complex natural world.

Accepted Answer

A)  character displacement 
B)  mathematical or laboratory models 
C)  competition coefficients 
D)  replication 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  character displacement 
B)  mathematical or laboratory models 
C)  competition coefficients 
D)  replication 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 3

In the Lotka-Volterra competition model, the intersection of two isoclines of zero population growth always indicates stable coexistence of two competitors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following is not included in the list of criteria that Taper and Case believe must be met to build a definitive case for character displacement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Morphological differences between a pair of sympatric species are statistically greater than the differences between allopatric populations of the same species. 
B)  The observed differences between sympatric and allopatric populations have a genetic basis. 
C)  Variation in the character must have a known effect on the use of resources. 
D)  There must be demonstrated competition for the resource under question and competition must be directly correlated with similarity in the character. 
E)  All of the choices are included in the list of criteria that must be met to build a definitive case for character displacement. 
A)  Morphological differences between a pair of sympatric species are statistically greater than the differences between allopatric populations of the same species. 
B)  The observed differences between sympatric and allopatric populations have a genetic basis. 
C)  Variation in the character must have a known effect on the use of resources. 
D)  There must be demonstrated competition for the resource under question and competition must be directly correlated with similarity in the character. 
E)  All of the choices are included in the list of criteria that must be met to build a definitive case for character displacement.

Question 5

Analysis of the Lotka-Volterra competition model implies that two competitors can coexist only when

Accepted Answer

A)  interspecific competition is stronger than intraspecific competition. 
B)  intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition. 
C)  intraspecific and interspecific competition are equally strong. 
D)  predation or parasitism is stronger than interspecific competition. 
E)  Actually, the model implies that two competitors can never coexist. 
A)  interspecific competition is stronger than intraspecific competition. 
B)  intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition. 
C)  intraspecific and interspecific competition are equally strong. 
D)  predation or parasitism is stronger than interspecific competition. 
E)  Actually, the model implies that two competitors can never coexist.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about damselfish on Jamaican reefs is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Damselfish engage in both intraspecific and interspecific competition. 
B)  Damselfish compete for territories they use for feeding. 
C)  Damselfish attack intruders threatening their young. 
D)  Damselfish without territories die. 
E)  Competition in damselfish is "interference" competition. 
A)  Damselfish engage in both intraspecific and interspecific competition. 
B)  Damselfish compete for territories they use for feeding. 
C)  Damselfish attack intruders threatening their young. 
D)  Damselfish without territories die. 
E)  Competition in damselfish is "interference" competition.

Question 7

If the isocline for species 1 lies above that of species 2,

Accepted Answer

A)  species 2 will eventually exclude species 1. 
B)  a stable coexistence of the two species has been established. 
C)  species 1 will eventually exclude species 2. 
D)  an unstable coexistence of the two species has been established. 
E)  all growth trajectories lead to the point where N2=K2 and N1=0. 
A)  species 2 will eventually exclude species 1. 
B)  a stable coexistence of the two species has been established. 
C)  species 1 will eventually exclude species 2. 
D)  an unstable coexistence of the two species has been established. 
E)  all growth trajectories lead to the point where N2=K2 and N1=0.

Question 8

During droughts in the Galápagos Islands, the ground finches most likely to survive are those with

Accepted Answer

A)  smaller bodies. 
B)  smaller bills. 
C)  earlier maturation. 
D)  larger bills. 
E)  larger territories. 
A)  smaller bodies. 
B)  smaller bills. 
C)  earlier maturation. 
D)  larger bills. 
E)  larger territories.

Question 9

The process of evolution toward niche divergence in the face of competition is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  niche displacement 
B)  niche evolution 
C)  character displacement 
D)  character evolution 
E)  allopatric displacement 
A)  niche displacement 
B)  niche evolution 
C)  character displacement 
D)  character evolution 
E)  allopatric displacement

Question 10

Intraspecific competition for limited resources can play a key role in slowing population growth at high densities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following does NOT contribute to determining the niche of the salt-marsh grass Spartina anglica?

Accepted Answer

A)  The height of tidal fluctuations 
B)  The fetch of the estuary 
C)  Latitude 
D)  Temperature 
E)  Rainfall frequency 
A)  The height of tidal fluctuations 
B)  The fetch of the estuary 
C)  Latitude 
D)  Temperature 
E)  Rainfall frequency

Question 12

Two species occurring together in the same place are said to be

Accepted Answer

A)  competitors. 
B)  precocial. 
C)  mutualists. 
D)  allopatric. 
E)  sympatric. 
A)  competitors. 
B)  precocial. 
C)  mutualists. 
D)  allopatric. 
E)  sympatric.

Question 13

Joseph Connell discovered that Balanus barnacles were excluded from the upper intertidal zone by ________, while Chthalamus barnacles were excluded from the middle intertidal zone by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  competition from mussels; prolonged immersion in water 
B)  competition from mussels; competition with Balanus 
C)  prolonged exposure to air; competition with Balanus 
D)  prolonged exposure to air; competition with algae 
E)  predation by wading birds; predation by starfish 
A)  competition from mussels; prolonged immersion in water 
B)  competition from mussels; competition with Balanus 
C)  prolonged exposure to air; competition with Balanus 
D)  prolonged exposure to air; competition with algae 
E)  predation by wading birds; predation by starfish

In the Lotka-Volterra competition equations, if α₂₁ > 1, then

Ecologists sometimes use ________ as simpler representations of the complex natural world.

In the Lotka-Volterra competition model, the intersection of two isoclines of zero population growth always indicates stable coexistence of two competitors.

Which of the following is not included in the list of criteria that Taper and Case believe must be met to build a definitive case for character displacement?

Analysis of the Lotka-Volterra competition model implies that two competitors can coexist only when

Which of the following statements about damselfish on Jamaican reefs is false?

If the isocline for species 1 lies above that of species 2,

During droughts in the Galápagos Islands, the ground finches most likely to survive are those with

The process of evolution toward niche divergence in the face of competition is called ________.

Intraspecific competition for limited resources can play a key role in slowing population growth at high densities.

Which of the following does NOT contribute to determining the niche of the salt-marsh grass Spartina anglica?

Two species occurring together in the same place are said to be

Joseph Connell discovered that Balanus barnacles were excluded from the upper intertidal zone by , while Chthalamus barnacles were excluded from the middle intertidal zone by .

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, Herbivory, Parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

Filters

Exam 13: Competition

In the Lotka-Volterra competition equations, if α21 > 1, then

Ecologists sometimes use ________ as simpler representations of the complex natural world.

In the Lotka-Volterra competition model, the intersection of two isoclines of zero population growth always indicates stable coexistence of two competitors.

Which of the following is not included in the list of criteria that Taper and Case believe must be met to build a definitive case for character displacement?

Analysis of the Lotka-Volterra competition model implies that two competitors can coexist only when

Which of the following statements about damselfish on Jamaican reefs is false?

If the isocline for species 1 lies above that of species 2,

During droughts in the Galápagos Islands, the ground finches most likely to survive are those with

The process of evolution toward niche divergence in the face of competition is called ________.

Intraspecific competition for limited resources can play a key role in slowing population growth at high densities.

Which of the following does NOT contribute to determining the niche of the salt-marsh grass Spartina anglica?

Two species occurring together in the same place are said to be

Joseph Connell discovered that Balanus barnacles were excluded from the upper intertidal zone by ________, while Chthalamus barnacles were excluded from the middle intertidal zone by ________.

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, Herbivory, Parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

Filters

In the Lotka-Volterra competition equations, if α₂₁ > 1, then

Joseph Connell discovered that Balanus barnacles were excluded from the upper intertidal zone by , while Chthalamus barnacles were excluded from the middle intertidal zone by .