Question 1

In the Lotka-Volterra predation model, a predator population in the absence of prey (hosts) would

Accepted Answer

A)  grow exponentially. 
B)  grow logistically. 
C)  decline as predators die. 
D)  decline at first, but then increase as predators switch to other modes of feeding. 
E)  decline at first, but then reach a small equilibrium population size. 
A)  grow exponentially. 
B)  grow logistically. 
C)  decline as predators die. 
D)  decline at first, but then increase as predators switch to other modes of feeding. 
E)  decline at first, but then reach a small equilibrium population size. C

Question 2

Research by Erik Lindström and his colleagues clearly showed that red foxes have significant influence on the abundance of mountain hares

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

The Lotka-Volterra predation model predicts that predators and prey, living together, will show

Accepted Answer

A)  oscillations in population size that increase in amplitude through time. 
B)  oscillations in population size that remain of constant amplitude through time. 
C)  oscillations in population size that decrease in amplitude through time. 
D)  oscillations, but only when outside forces such as climatic variation are also present. 
E)  steady equilibria in population sizes. 
A)  oscillations in population size that increase in amplitude through time. 
B)  oscillations in population size that remain of constant amplitude through time. 
C)  oscillations in population size that decrease in amplitude through time. 
D)  oscillations, but only when outside forces such as climatic variation are also present. 
E)  steady equilibria in population sizes. B

Question 4

Select all of the following that correctly describe graphical representations of the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Predator and prey numbers are plotted against time producing reciprocal oscillations in predator-prey populations. 
B)  Predator numbers are plotted against prey numbers producing reciprocal oscillations in predator-prey populations. 
C)  Predator and prey numbers are plotted against time producing an elliptical oscillation in predator-prey numbers. 
D)  Predator numbers are plotted against prey numbers producing an elliptical oscillation in predator-prey numbers. 
E)  The difference in predator and prey numbers is plotted against population density producing a sigmoid curve that levels off at the carrying capacity. 
A)  Predator and prey numbers are plotted against time producing reciprocal oscillations in predator-prey populations. 
B)  Predator numbers are plotted against prey numbers producing reciprocal oscillations in predator-prey populations. 
C)  Predator and prey numbers are plotted against time producing an elliptical oscillation in predator-prey numbers. 
D)  Predator numbers are plotted against prey numbers producing an elliptical oscillation in predator-prey numbers. 
E)  The difference in predator and prey numbers is plotted against population density producing a sigmoid curve that levels off at the carrying capacity.

Question 5

________ is the idea that predators can have non-lethal effects on prey's behavior in which they avoid high-risk locations.

Accepted Answer

"The ecolo

Question 6

________ consume live plant material but do not usually kill plants.

Accepted Answer

A)  Predators 
B)  Pathogens 
C)  Herbivores 
D)  Parasites 
E)  Parasitoids 
A)  Predators 
B)  Pathogens 
C)  Herbivores 
D)  Parasites 
E)  Parasitoids

Question 7

Bats affect the cost of agriculture because

Accepted Answer

A)  they consume crops and must be controlled. 
B)  they eat crop pests and reduce the amount of pesticides used. 
C)  they eat crop pests and reduce the amount of crop loss. 
D)  they eat crop pests and reduce both the amount of crop loss and the amount of pesticides used. 
E)  their flight patterns interfere with agricultural machinery. 
A)  they consume crops and must be controlled. 
B)  they eat crop pests and reduce the amount of pesticides used. 
C)  they eat crop pests and reduce the amount of crop loss. 
D)  they eat crop pests and reduce both the amount of crop loss and the amount of pesticides used. 
E)  their flight patterns interfere with agricultural machinery.

Question 8

Which of the following factors can stabilize predator-prey relationships by providing a prey refuge?

Accepted Answer

A)  An area of prey habitat where predators cannot enter 
B)  An area of prey habitat that is isolated and difficult for predators to find 
C)  The occurrence of prey in numbers too large for predators to attack effectively 
D)  The ability of prey to grow to a size invulnerable to predation 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  An area of prey habitat where predators cannot enter 
B)  An area of prey habitat that is isolated and difficult for predators to find 
C)  The occurrence of prey in numbers too large for predators to attack effectively 
D)  The ability of prey to grow to a size invulnerable to predation 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 9

In the Lotka-Volterra predation model, the predator death rate is represented by

Accepted Answer

A)  c. 
B)  p. 
C)  cp. 
D)  dpNp. 
E)  dp. 
A)  c. 
B)  p. 
C)  cp. 
D)  dpNp. 
E)  dp.

Question 10

Which of the following is not an example of altered behavior of the pill bug, Armadillidum vulgare, when infected by the parasite, Plagiorhynchus cylindraceus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spends less time in sheltered areas 
B)  Positive phototaxis 
C)  Spends more time in low humidity environments 
D)  Seeks out light substrates 
E)  All are examples of altered behavior of the pill bug when infected by the parasite 
A)  Spends less time in sheltered areas 
B)  Positive phototaxis 
C)  Spends more time in low humidity environments 
D)  Seeks out light substrates 
E)  All are examples of altered behavior of the pill bug when infected by the parasite

Question 11

A species feeding on the tissue of its host, while not killing it directly, is a

Accepted Answer

A)  predator. 
B)  parasite. 
C)  parasitoid. 
D)  cannibal. 
E)  debilitator. 
A)  predator. 
B)  parasite. 
C)  parasitoid. 
D)  cannibal. 
E)  debilitator.

Question 12

In the Lotka-Volterra model, the rate of predation is represented by

Accepted Answer

A)  c. 
B)  p. 
C)  cp. 
D)  dpNp 
E)  dp 
A)  c. 
B)  p. 
C)  cp. 
D)  dpNp 
E)  dp

Question 13

In Lamberti and Resh's experiment, what was the purpose of having a second grid of tiles raised 15cm above the stream bottom?

Accepted Answer

A)  To prevent algae and bacteria from colonizing the tiles 
B)  To encourage algae and bacteria to colonize the tiles 
C)  To prevent Helicopsyche from colonizing the tiles 
D)  To encourage Helicopsyche to colonize the tiles 
A)  To prevent algae and bacteria from colonizing the tiles 
B)  To encourage algae and bacteria to colonize the tiles 
C)  To prevent Helicopsyche from colonizing the tiles 
D)  To encourage Helicopsyche to colonize the tiles

Question 14

The value of pest control by Brazilian free-tailed bats varies across years because cotton bollworm ________ varies from year to year.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The value of pest control by Brazilian...

Question 15

Match each element from a functional response model to its correct meaning.

-α

Accepted Answer

A)  handling time 
B)  rate of prey availability 
C)  per capita availability of prey 
D)  prey abundance 
E)  searching time 
A)  handling time 
B)  rate of prey availability 
C)  per capita availability of prey 
D)  prey abundance 
E)  searching time

Question 16

The presence of parasitic protozoa in a culture of competing Tribolium castaneum and T. confusum

Accepted Answer

A)  can reverse the outcome of competition. 
B)  decreases the likelihood of coexistence. 
C)  has no effect on the outcome of competition. 
D)  increases the likelihood of coexistence. 
E)  has an effect on the outcome of competition only in the presence of predatory birds. 
A)  can reverse the outcome of competition. 
B)  decreases the likelihood of coexistence. 
C)  has no effect on the outcome of competition. 
D)  increases the likelihood of coexistence. 
E)  has an effect on the outcome of competition only in the presence of predatory birds.

Question 17

In the Lotka-Volterra predation model, a prey (host) population in the absence of predators would

Accepted Answer

A)  grow exponentially. 
B)  grow logistically. 
C)  grow exponentially, and then crash when it has outstripped its own food supply. 
D)  decline to extinction. 
E)  The model makes no assumptions about what happens in the absence of predators. 
A)  grow exponentially. 
B)  grow logistically. 
C)  grow exponentially, and then crash when it has outstripped its own food supply. 
D)  decline to extinction. 
E)  The model makes no assumptions about what happens in the absence of predators.

Question 18

Gause's experiments with Paramecium and Didinium showed

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction of the predator, followed by extinction of the prey, in all habitats. 
B)  coexistence of predator and prey at fairly constant population sizes, in all habitats. 
C)  coexistence of predator and prey, but with oscillating population sizes, in all habitats. 
D)  coexistence of predator and prey at fairly constant population sizes, but only in the presence of refuges and predator reservoirs. 
E)  coexistence of predator and prey with oscillating population sizes, but only in the presence of refuges and predator reservoirs. 
A)  extinction of the predator, followed by extinction of the prey, in all habitats. 
B)  coexistence of predator and prey at fairly constant population sizes, in all habitats. 
C)  coexistence of predator and prey, but with oscillating population sizes, in all habitats. 
D)  coexistence of predator and prey at fairly constant population sizes, but only in the presence of refuges and predator reservoirs. 
E)  coexistence of predator and prey with oscillating population sizes, but only in the presence of refuges and predator reservoirs.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a hypothesis that was proposed to explain population dynamics of lynx and snowshoe hares?

Accepted Answer

A)  Overpopulation of hares leads to reduced food quantity and quality. 
B)  Lynx populations grow in response to increasing hare availability, and then eventually reduce hare populations. 
C)  Variation in intensity of solar radiation affects hares and their food supply, and lynx populations respond to changes in hare abundance. 
D)  Variation in the severity of winters drives changes in hare populations, which in turn influences lynx abundance. 
E)  Overpopulation of hares leads to high levels of stress, causing the population to decline. 
A)  Overpopulation of hares leads to reduced food quantity and quality. 
B)  Lynx populations grow in response to increasing hare availability, and then eventually reduce hare populations. 
C)  Variation in intensity of solar radiation affects hares and their food supply, and lynx populations respond to changes in hare abundance. 
D)  Variation in the severity of winters drives changes in hare populations, which in turn influences lynx abundance. 
E)  Overpopulation of hares leads to high levels of stress, causing the population to decline.

Question 20

Match the organism with the correct type of exploitation.
-A dragonfly larva lives in a pond where it hunts and kills tadpoles and other insects.

Accepted Answer

A)  predator 
B)  pathogen 
C)  parasite 
A)  predator 
B)  pathogen 
C)  parasite

Exam 14: Exploitative Interactions: Predation, Herbivory, Parasitism, and Disease

In the Lotka-Volterra predation model, a predator population in the absence of prey (hosts) would

Research by Erik Lindström and his colleagues clearly showed that red foxes have significant influence on the abundance of mountain hares

The Lotka-Volterra predation model predicts that predators and prey, living together, will show

Select all of the following that correctly describe graphical representations of the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model (Select all that apply.)

________ is the idea that predators can have non-lethal effects on prey's behavior in which they avoid high-risk locations.

________ consume live plant material but do not usually kill plants.

Bats affect the cost of agriculture because

Which of the following factors can stabilize predator-prey relationships by providing a prey refuge?

In the Lotka-Volterra predation model, the predator death rate is represented by

Which of the following is not an example of altered behavior of the pill bug, Armadillidum vulgare, when infected by the parasite, Plagiorhynchus cylindraceus?

A species feeding on the tissue of its host, while not killing it directly, is a

In the Lotka-Volterra model, the rate of predation is represented by

In Lamberti and Resh's experiment, what was the purpose of having a second grid of tiles raised 15cm above the stream bottom?

The value of pest control by Brazilian free-tailed bats varies across years because cotton bollworm ________ varies from year to year.

Match each element from a functional response model to its correct meaning. -α

The presence of parasitic protozoa in a culture of competing Tribolium castaneum and T. confusum

In the Lotka-Volterra predation model, a prey (host) population in the absence of predators would

Gause's experiments with Paramecium and Didinium showed

Which of the following is not a hypothesis that was proposed to explain population dynamics of lynx and snowshoe hares?

Match the organism with the correct type of exploitation. -A dragonfly larva lives in a pond where it hunts and kills tadpoles and other insects.

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

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