Question 1

A "negatively phototaxic" amphipod will swim

Accepted Answer

A)  away from parasitic worms. 
B)  toward parasitic worms. 
C)  away from competing amphipods. 
D)  toward light. 
E)  away from light. 
A)  away from parasitic worms. 
B)  toward parasitic worms. 
C)  away from competing amphipods. 
D)  toward light. 
E)  away from light.

Question 2

Bethel and Holmes demonstrated

Accepted Answer

A)  positive phototaxis in Acanthocephalans infected by amphipods. 
B)  negative phototaxis in Acanthocephalans infected by amphipods. 
C)  positive phototaxis in amphipods infected by Acanthocephalans. 
D)  negative phototaxis in amphipods infected by Acanthocephalans. 
E)  increased herbivory by amphipods infected by Acanthocephalans. 
A)  positive phototaxis in Acanthocephalans infected by amphipods. 
B)  negative phototaxis in Acanthocephalans infected by amphipods. 
C)  positive phototaxis in amphipods infected by Acanthocephalans. 
D)  negative phototaxis in amphipods infected by Acanthocephalans. 
E)  increased herbivory by amphipods infected by Acanthocephalans.

Question 3

Match each element from a functional response model to its correct meaning.

-a

Accepted Answer

A)  handling time 
B)  rate of prey availability 
C)  per capita availability of prey 
D)  prey abundance 
E)  searching time 
A)  handling time 
B)  rate of prey availability 
C)  per capita availability of prey 
D)  prey abundance 
E)  searching time

Question 4

Birds are more effective predators than bats on foliage-living arthropods in tropical lowland forests.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Plagiorhynchus worms and Puccinia rusts are parasites that share the ability to change their host's behavior in way that

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the length of time they can survive in their hosts. 
B)  decrease their host's mortality rates. 
C)  increase their hosts reproduction, thereby increasing production of parasite-infected offspring. 
D)  increase the likelihood of their (the parasites') transmission to a new host. 
E)  decrease the hosts' vulnerability to other parasites. 
A)  increase the length of time they can survive in their hosts. 
B)  decrease their host's mortality rates. 
C)  increase their hosts reproduction, thereby increasing production of parasite-infected offspring. 
D)  increase the likelihood of their (the parasites') transmission to a new host. 
E)  decrease the hosts' vulnerability to other parasites.

Question 6

Match the organism with the correct type of exploitation.
-A tapeworm lives in the intestines of a dog, where it absorbs nutrients.

Accepted Answer

A)  predator 
B)  pathogen 
C)  parasite 
A)  predator 
B)  pathogen 
C)  parasite

Question 7

Why was the field experiment by Krebs and colleagues so important to our understanding of predator and prey dynamics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because the researchers were able to manipulate three trophic levels simultaneously in the field and on a large scale 
B)  Because the researchers were able to manipulate three trophic levels simultaneously without the influence of complicating factors such as weather cycles 
C)  Because the researchers were able to test for the effects of the three trophic levels one at a time, in three separate experiments 
D)  Because the researchers were able to manipulate three trophic levels as well as normally complicating factors such as weather and genetics 
A)  Because the researchers were able to manipulate three trophic levels simultaneously in the field and on a large scale 
B)  Because the researchers were able to manipulate three trophic levels simultaneously without the influence of complicating factors such as weather cycles 
C)  Because the researchers were able to test for the effects of the three trophic levels one at a time, in three separate experiments 
D)  Because the researchers were able to manipulate three trophic levels as well as normally complicating factors such as weather and genetics

Question 8

Match the organism with the correct type of exploitation.
-Plasmodium spp. enter the liver and red blood cells of humans and other vertebrates, sometimes causing malaria.

Accepted Answer

A)  predator 
B)  pathogen 
C)  parasite 
A)  predator 
B)  pathogen 
C)  parasite

Question 9

Neither the prey-dependent model nor the ratio-dependent model of functional response incorporates the number of predators in the environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

You are studying the response of microscopic predatory nematodes to various prey densities. The nematodes live in soil and have a short life cycle. What model is likely to be the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  A prey-dependent functional response model 
B)  A numerical response model 
C)  A ratio-dependent functional response model 
A)  A prey-dependent functional response model 
B)  A numerical response model 
C)  A ratio-dependent functional response model

Question 11

Which of the following is a result of infection of Arabis by the plant parasite Puccinia monoica?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formation of an elongated rosette topped by a cluster of bright yellow leaves 
B)  Formation of a pseudoflower that resembles the flower of a buttercup 
C)  Insect transfer of spermatia from one fungus to another 
D)  Elimination of seed formation by the host plant 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  Formation of an elongated rosette topped by a cluster of bright yellow leaves 
B)  Formation of a pseudoflower that resembles the flower of a buttercup 
C)  Insect transfer of spermatia from one fungus to another 
D)  Elimination of seed formation by the host plant 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 12

In most laboratory experiments, predators and prey held together in simple habitats exhibit repeated cycles in population sizes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

An organism inducing disease in its host is called a ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An organism inducing disease in its host...

Question 14

Match each element from a functional response model to its correct meaning.

-N

Accepted Answer

A)  handling time 
B)  rate of prey availability 
C)  per capita availability of prey 
D)  prey abundance 
E)  searching time 
A)  handling time 
B)  rate of prey availability 
C)  per capita availability of prey 
D)  prey abundance 
E)  searching time

Question 15

You are designing an experiment to test whether the emergence of large numbers of moths over a short time period provides an effective refuge. You hypothesize that the moths are employing predator satiation. If you are correct, what response do you expect to see in your experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  The percentage of prey consumed increases sharply as the prey density increases from low to medium, but levels off at high prey densities. 
B)  The percentage of prey consumed increases gradually as the prey density increases from low to medium to high. 
C)  The percentage of prey consumed remains stable as the prey density increases from low to medium, then decreases at very high prey densities. 
D)  The percentage of prey consumed increases sharply as the prey density increases from low to medium, but decreases at high prey densities. 
A)  The percentage of prey consumed increases sharply as the prey density increases from low to medium, but levels off at high prey densities. 
B)  The percentage of prey consumed increases gradually as the prey density increases from low to medium to high. 
C)  The percentage of prey consumed remains stable as the prey density increases from low to medium, then decreases at very high prey densities. 
D)  The percentage of prey consumed increases sharply as the prey density increases from low to medium, but decreases at high prey densities.

Question 16

Which statement is not true of lynx and coyote predation of the snowshoe hare?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lynx and coyote both show a strong numerical response to increases in the snowshoe hare population. 
B)  Lynx show higher predation rates when snowshoe hare numbers are declining. 
C)  Coyotes show higher predation rates when snowshoe hare numbers are increasing. 
D)  Coyotes show a clear type 2 functional response to increases in the snowshoe hare population. 
E)  At high hare densities, coyote and lynx predation rates exceed their daily energy needs. 
A)  Lynx and coyote both show a strong numerical response to increases in the snowshoe hare population. 
B)  Lynx show higher predation rates when snowshoe hare numbers are declining. 
C)  Coyotes show higher predation rates when snowshoe hare numbers are increasing. 
D)  Coyotes show a clear type 2 functional response to increases in the snowshoe hare population. 
E)  At high hare densities, coyote and lynx predation rates exceed their daily energy needs.

Question 17

Match each element from a functional response model to its correct meaning.

-N/P

Accepted Answer

A)  handling time 
B)  rate of prey availability 
C)  per capita availability of prey 
D)  prey abundance 
E)  searching time 
A)  handling time 
B)  rate of prey availability 
C)  per capita availability of prey 
D)  prey abundance 
E)  searching time

Question 18

Match each element from a functional response model to its correct meaning.

-h

Accepted Answer

A)  handling time 
B)  rate of prey availability 
C)  per capita availability of prey 
D)  prey abundance 
E)  searching time 
A)  handling time 
B)  rate of prey availability 
C)  per capita availability of prey 
D)  prey abundance 
E)  searching time

Question 19

Periodical cicadas spend 13 or 17 years

Accepted Answer

A)  feeding in tree twigs before emerging as adults. 
B)  feeding on tree roots before emerging as adults. 
C)  as adults before laying eggs. 
D)  in a resistant, resting egg before hatching as larvae. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  feeding in tree twigs before emerging as adults. 
B)  feeding on tree roots before emerging as adults. 
C)  as adults before laying eggs. 
D)  in a resistant, resting egg before hatching as larvae. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 20

What methods and/or tools did Cleveland et al. use in their study of Brazilian free-tailed bats? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  NEXRAD Doppler radar 
B)  Ground-based observation 
C)  Cotton bollworm survival rates 
D)  Radio tagging of bats 
E)  Avoided-cost analysis 
A)  NEXRAD Doppler radar 
B)  Ground-based observation 
C)  Cotton bollworm survival rates 
D)  Radio tagging of bats 
E)  Avoided-cost analysis

Exam 14: Exploitative Interactions: Predation, Herbivory, Parasitism, and Disease

A "negatively phototaxic" amphipod will swim

Bethel and Holmes demonstrated

Match each element from a functional response model to its correct meaning. -a

Birds are more effective predators than bats on foliage-living arthropods in tropical lowland forests.

Plagiorhynchus worms and Puccinia rusts are parasites that share the ability to change their host's behavior in way that

Match the organism with the correct type of exploitation. -A tapeworm lives in the intestines of a dog, where it absorbs nutrients.

Why was the field experiment by Krebs and colleagues so important to our understanding of predator and prey dynamics?

Match the organism with the correct type of exploitation. -Plasmodium spp. enter the liver and red blood cells of humans and other vertebrates, sometimes causing malaria.

Neither the prey-dependent model nor the ratio-dependent model of functional response incorporates the number of predators in the environment.

You are studying the response of microscopic predatory nematodes to various prey densities. The nematodes live in soil and have a short life cycle. What model is likely to be the most appropriate?

Which of the following is a result of infection of Arabis by the plant parasite Puccinia monoica?

In most laboratory experiments, predators and prey held together in simple habitats exhibit repeated cycles in population sizes.

An organism inducing disease in its host is called a ________.

Match each element from a functional response model to its correct meaning. -N

You are designing an experiment to test whether the emergence of large numbers of moths over a short time period provides an effective refuge. You hypothesize that the moths are employing predator satiation. If you are correct, what response do you expect to see in your experiment?

Which statement is not true of lynx and coyote predation of the snowshoe hare?

Match each element from a functional response model to its correct meaning. -N/P

Match each element from a functional response model to its correct meaning. -h

Periodical cicadas spend 13 or 17 years

What methods and/or tools did Cleveland et al. use in their study of Brazilian free-tailed bats? (Select all that apply.)

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

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