Question 1

The ________ is the layer of atmosphere that extends from the earth's surface to an altitude of 9 to 16 km.

Accepted Answer

A)  stratosphere 
B)  mesosphere 
C)  thermosphere 
D)  troposphere 
E)  ozonosphere 
A)  stratosphere 
B)  mesosphere 
C)  thermosphere 
D)  troposphere 
E)  ozonosphere

Question 2

The 1987 Montreal Protocol was an agreement to limit human production of

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide. 
B)  nitrate. 
C)  PCBs. 
D)  lead paint. 
E)  chlorofluorocarbons. 
A)  carbon dioxide. 
B)  nitrate. 
C)  PCBs. 
D)  lead paint. 
E)  chlorofluorocarbons.

Question 3

Which of the following gases contribute to warming of the Earth's surface through the greenhouse effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbon dioxide 
B)  Methane 
C)  Water vapor 
D)  Nitrous oxide 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  Carbon dioxide 
B)  Methane 
C)  Water vapor 
D)  Nitrous oxide 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 4

Jacob Bjerknes was responsible for

Accepted Answer

A)  discovering the connection between barometric pressure across the Pacific Ocean and the amount of rain falling during Asian monsoons. 
B)  discovering that reduced barometric pressure in the eastern Pacific Ocean was accompanied by increased barometric pressure in the western Pacific. 
C)  proposing a model that coupled the gradient in sea surface temperature across the central Pacific Ocean with a large-scale atmospheric circulation system. 
D)  showing the relationship between El Niño events and the invasion of the Great Salt Lake by the predaceous insect Trichocorixa verticalis. 
A)  discovering the connection between barometric pressure across the Pacific Ocean and the amount of rain falling during Asian monsoons. 
B)  discovering that reduced barometric pressure in the eastern Pacific Ocean was accompanied by increased barometric pressure in the western Pacific. 
C)  proposing a model that coupled the gradient in sea surface temperature across the central Pacific Ocean with a large-scale atmospheric circulation system. 
D)  showing the relationship between El Niño events and the invasion of the Great Salt Lake by the predaceous insect Trichocorixa verticalis.

Question 5

Why are scientists particularly concerned about the impacts of climate change on coral reefs? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Because coral have a narrow temperature tolerance and the oceans are warming 
B)  Because the oceans are becoming less acidic which inhibits the formation of coral exoskeletons 
C)  Because coral reefs support only rare marine species 
D)  Because the disappearance of coral reefs would negatively affect the food supply of hundreds of people 
A)  Because coral have a narrow temperature tolerance and the oceans are warming 
B)  Because the oceans are becoming less acidic which inhibits the formation of coral exoskeletons 
C)  Because coral reefs support only rare marine species 
D)  Because the disappearance of coral reefs would negatively affect the food supply of hundreds of people

Question 6

Periodic increases and decreases in red kangaroo populations in Australia are associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  predator-driven population cycles. 
B)  parasite population cycles. 
C)  sunspot cycles. 
D)  the El Niño - Southern Oscillation. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  predator-driven population cycles. 
B)  parasite population cycles. 
C)  sunspot cycles. 
D)  the El Niño - Southern Oscillation. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Human release of CO2 into the atmosphere accelerated during World War I and World War II.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Fur seals and sea lions in the Galápagos Islands experience population declines during El Niño events because

Accepted Answer

A)  their hibernation cues are disrupted by the unusual climate. 
B)  they are not capable of effective thermoregulation in the cooler waters around the islands. 
C)  the fish they feed upon move further offshore in search of warmer water. 
D)  the fish they feed upon move offshore and deeper in search of cooler water. 
E)  the fish they feed on are driven to local extinction. 
A)  their hibernation cues are disrupted by the unusual climate. 
B)  they are not capable of effective thermoregulation in the cooler waters around the islands. 
C)  the fish they feed upon move further offshore in search of warmer water. 
D)  the fish they feed upon move offshore and deeper in search of cooler water. 
E)  the fish they feed on are driven to local extinction.

Question 9

The nation containing the largest fraction of the world's tropical rain forest is

Accepted Answer

A)  Congo. 
B)  Brazil. 
C)  Mexico. 
D)  the United States. 
E)  Indonesia. 
A)  Congo. 
B)  Brazil. 
C)  Mexico. 
D)  the United States. 
E)  Indonesia.

Question 10

During El Niño events,

Accepted Answer

A)  Australia experiences drought. 
B)  western North America experiences drought. 
C)  Canada and Alaska are cooler than average. 
D)  populations of anchovies and seabirds increase along the South American coast. 
E)  primary production increases around the Galápagos Islands. 
A)  Australia experiences drought. 
B)  western North America experiences drought. 
C)  Canada and Alaska are cooler than average. 
D)  populations of anchovies and seabirds increase along the South American coast. 
E)  primary production increases around the Galápagos Islands.

Question 11

Concentrations of ozone in earth's atmosphere are highest in the

Accepted Answer

A)  troposphere. 
B)  stratosphere. 
C)  mesosphere. 
D)  thermosphere. 
E)  ozonosphere. 
A)  troposphere. 
B)  stratosphere. 
C)  mesosphere. 
D)  thermosphere. 
E)  ozonosphere.

Question 12

Which of the following make important contributions to nitrogen fixation by human activities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Combustion of fossil fuels 
B)  Industrial production of nitrogen fertilizers 
C)  Use of crop rotation in agriculture 
D)  Both industrial production of nitrogen fertilizers and use of crop rotation in agriculture 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  Combustion of fossil fuels 
B)  Industrial production of nitrogen fertilizers 
C)  Use of crop rotation in agriculture 
D)  Both industrial production of nitrogen fertilizers and use of crop rotation in agriculture 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 13

Global climate change is predicted to reduce spring snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Strongly negative values of the Southern Oscillation Index are associated with La Niña events.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following is not a change in land cover resulting from human activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Filling in wetlands for construction 
B)  Reconnecting rivers with their natural floodplains 
C)  Transforming about half of the ice-free land on earth. 
D)  Deforestation of enormous areas of tropical, temperate, and boreal forests. 
A)  Filling in wetlands for construction 
B)  Reconnecting rivers with their natural floodplains 
C)  Transforming about half of the ice-free land on earth. 
D)  Deforestation of enormous areas of tropical, temperate, and boreal forests.

Question 16

Before life evolved on Earth, the atmosphere

Accepted Answer

A)  had much higher concentrations of oxygen. 
B)  had much lower concentrations of carbon dioxide. 
C)  was more or less the same as it is now. 
D)  had much lower concentrations of oxygen. 
E)  had much lower concentrations of hydrogen. 
A)  had much higher concentrations of oxygen. 
B)  had much lower concentrations of carbon dioxide. 
C)  was more or less the same as it is now. 
D)  had much lower concentrations of oxygen. 
E)  had much lower concentrations of hydrogen.

The ________ is the layer of atmosphere that extends from the earth's surface to an altitude of 9 to 16 km.

The 1987 Montreal Protocol was an agreement to limit human production of

Which of the following gases contribute to warming of the Earth's surface through the greenhouse effect?

Jacob Bjerknes was responsible for

Why are scientists particularly concerned about the impacts of climate change on coral reefs? (Select all that apply.)

Periodic increases and decreases in red kangaroo populations in Australia are associated with

Human release of CO₂ into the atmosphere accelerated during World War I and World War II.

Fur seals and sea lions in the Galápagos Islands experience population declines during El Niño events because

The nation containing the largest fraction of the world's tropical rain forest is

During El Niño events,

Concentrations of ozone in earth's atmosphere are highest in the

Which of the following make important contributions to nitrogen fixation by human activities?

Global climate change is predicted to reduce spring snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere.

Strongly negative values of the Southern Oscillation Index are associated with La Niña events.

Which of the following is not a change in land cover resulting from human activity?

Before life evolved on Earth, the atmosphere

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, Herbivory, Parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Filters

Exam 23: Global Ecology

The ________ is the layer of atmosphere that extends from the earth's surface to an altitude of 9 to 16 km.

The 1987 Montreal Protocol was an agreement to limit human production of

Which of the following gases contribute to warming of the Earth's surface through the greenhouse effect?

Jacob Bjerknes was responsible for

Why are scientists particularly concerned about the impacts of climate change on coral reefs? (Select all that apply.)

Periodic increases and decreases in red kangaroo populations in Australia are associated with

Human release of CO2 into the atmosphere accelerated during World War I and World War II.

Fur seals and sea lions in the Galápagos Islands experience population declines during El Niño events because

The nation containing the largest fraction of the world's tropical rain forest is

During El Niño events,

Concentrations of ozone in earth's atmosphere are highest in the

Which of the following make important contributions to nitrogen fixation by human activities?

Global climate change is predicted to reduce spring snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere.

Strongly negative values of the Southern Oscillation Index are associated with La Niña events.

Which of the following is not a change in land cover resulting from human activity?

Before life evolved on Earth, the atmosphere

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, Herbivory, Parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Filters

Human release of CO₂ into the atmosphere accelerated during World War I and World War II.