Question 1

Which nursing assessment indicates that a woman who is in second-stage labor is almost ready to give birth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fetal head is felt at 0 station during the vaginal examination. 
B)  Bloody mucous discharge increases. 
C)  Vulva bulges and encircles the fetal head. 
D)  Membranes rupture during a contraction. 
A)  Fetal head is felt at 0 station during the vaginal examination. 
B)  Bloody mucous discharge increases. 
C)  Vulva bulges and encircles the fetal head. 
D)  Membranes rupture during a contraction. C

Question 2

Which statement is the best rationale for assessing the maternal vital signs between uterine contractions?

Accepted Answer

A)  During a contraction,assessing the fetal heart rate is the priority. 
B)  Maternal circulating blood volume temporarily increases during contractions. 
C)  Maternal blood flow to the heart is reduced during contractions. 
D)  Vital signs taken during contractions are not accurate. 
A)  During a contraction,assessing the fetal heart rate is the priority. 
B)  Maternal circulating blood volume temporarily increases during contractions. 
C)  Maternal blood flow to the heart is reduced during contractions. 
D)  Vital signs taken during contractions are not accurate. B

Question 3

A pregnant woman is at 38 weeks of gestation.She wants to know whether there are any signs that "labor is getting close to starting." Which finding is an indication that labor may begin soon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Weight gain of 1.5 to 2 kg (3 to 4 lb) 
B)  Increase in fundal height 
C)  Urinary retention 
D)  Surge of energy 
A)  Weight gain of 1.5 to 2 kg (3 to 4 lb) 
B)  Increase in fundal height 
C)  Urinary retention 
D)  Surge of energy D

Question 4

Which basic type of pelvis includes the correct description and percentage of occurrence in women?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gynecoid: classic female pelvis;heart shaped;75% 
B)  Android: resembling the male pelvis;wide oval;15% 
C)  Anthropoid: resembling the pelvis of the ape;narrow;10% 
D)  Platypelloid: flattened,wide,and shallow pelvis;3% 
A)  Gynecoid: classic female pelvis;heart shaped;75% 
B)  Android: resembling the male pelvis;wide oval;15% 
C)  Anthropoid: resembling the pelvis of the ape;narrow;10% 
D)  Platypelloid: flattened,wide,and shallow pelvis;3%

Question 5

Which changes take place in the woman's reproductive system,days or even weeks before the commencement of labor? (Select all that apply. )

Accepted Answer

A)  Lightening 
B)  Exhaustion 
C)  Bloody show 
D)  Rupture of membranes 
E)  Decreased fetal movement 
A)  Lightening 
B)  Exhaustion 
C)  Bloody show 
D)  Rupture of membranes 
E)  Decreased fetal movement

Question 6

The nurse is performing an initial assessment of a client in labor.What is the appropriate terminology for the relationship of the fetal body parts to one another?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lie 
B)  Presentation 
C)  Attitude 
D)  Position 
A)  Lie 
B)  Presentation 
C)  Attitude 
D)  Position

Question 7

Which description of the four stages of labor is correct for both the definition and the duration?

Accepted Answer

A)  First stage: onset of regular uterine contractions to full dilation;less than 1 hour to 20 hours 
B)  Second stage: full effacement to 4 to 5 cm;visible presenting part;1 to 2 hours 
C)  Third stage: active pushing to birth;20 minutes (multiparous woman),50 minutes (nulliparous woman) 
D)  Fourth stage: delivery of the placenta to recovery;30 minutes to 1 hour 
A)  First stage: onset of regular uterine contractions to full dilation;less than 1 hour to 20 hours 
B)  Second stage: full effacement to 4 to 5 cm;visible presenting part;1 to 2 hours 
C)  Third stage: active pushing to birth;20 minutes (multiparous woman),50 minutes (nulliparous woman) 
D)  Fourth stage: delivery of the placenta to recovery;30 minutes to 1 hour

Question 8

A labor and delivery nurse should be cognizant of which information regarding how the fetus moves through the birth canal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fetal attitude describes the angle at which the fetus exits the uterus. 
B)  Of the two primary fetal lies,the horizontal lie is that in which the long axis of the fetus is parallel to the long axis of the mother. 
C)  Normal attitude of the fetus is called general flexion. 
D)  Transverse lie is preferred for vaginal birth. 
A)  Fetal attitude describes the angle at which the fetus exits the uterus. 
B)  Of the two primary fetal lies,the horizontal lie is that in which the long axis of the fetus is parallel to the long axis of the mother. 
C)  Normal attitude of the fetus is called general flexion. 
D)  Transverse lie is preferred for vaginal birth.

Question 9

A woman's position is an important component of the labor progress.Which guidance is important for the nurse to provide to the laboring client?

Accepted Answer

A)  The supine position,which is commonly used in the United States,increases blood flow. 
B)  The laboring client positioned on her hands and knees ("all fours" position)is hard on the woman's back. 
C)  Frequent changes in position help relieve fatigue and increase the comfort of the laboring client. 
D)  In a sitting or squatting position,abdominal muscles of the laboring client will have to work harder. 
A)  The supine position,which is commonly used in the United States,increases blood flow. 
B)  The laboring client positioned on her hands and knees ("all fours" position)is hard on the woman's back. 
C)  Frequent changes in position help relieve fatigue and increase the comfort of the laboring client. 
D)  In a sitting or squatting position,abdominal muscles of the laboring client will have to work harder.

Question 10

A new mother asks the nurse when the "soft spot" on her son's head will go away.What is the nurse's best response,based upon her understanding of when the anterior frontal closes?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 months 
B)  8 months 
C)  12 months 
D)  18 months 
A)  2 months 
B)  8 months 
C)  12 months 
D)  18 months

Question 11

The nurse has received a report regarding a client in labor.The woman's last vaginal examination was recorded as 3 cm,30%,and -2.What is the nurse's interpretation of this assessment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cervix is effaced 3 cm and dilated 30%;the presenting part is 2 cm above the ischial spines. 
B)  Cervix is dilated 3 cm and effaced 30%;the presenting part is 2 cm above the ischial spines. 
C)  Cervix is effaced 3 cm and dilated 30%;the presenting part is 2 cm below the ischial spines. 
D)  Cervix is dilated 3 cm and effaced 30%;the presenting part is 2 cm below the ischial spines. 
A)  Cervix is effaced 3 cm and dilated 30%;the presenting part is 2 cm above the ischial spines. 
B)  Cervix is dilated 3 cm and effaced 30%;the presenting part is 2 cm above the ischial spines. 
C)  Cervix is effaced 3 cm and dilated 30%;the presenting part is 2 cm below the ischial spines. 
D)  Cervix is dilated 3 cm and effaced 30%;the presenting part is 2 cm below the ischial spines.

Question 12

Nurses should be cognizant of what regarding the mechanism of labor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Seven critical movements usually progress in a orderly sequence. 
B)  Asynclitism is sometimes achieved by means of the Leopold's maneuver. 
C)  Effects of the forces determining descent are modified by the shape of the woman's pelvis and the size of the fetal head. 
D)  At birth,the baby is said to achieve "restitution";that is,a return to the C-shape of the womb. 
A)  Seven critical movements usually progress in a orderly sequence. 
B)  Asynclitism is sometimes achieved by means of the Leopold's maneuver. 
C)  Effects of the forces determining descent are modified by the shape of the woman's pelvis and the size of the fetal head. 
D)  At birth,the baby is said to achieve "restitution";that is,a return to the C-shape of the womb.

Question 13

Which factors influence cervical dilation? (Select all that apply. )

Accepted Answer

A)  Strong uterine contractions 
B)  Force of the presenting fetal part against the cervix 
C)  Size of the woman 
D)  Pressure applied by the amniotic sac 
E)  Scarring of the cervix 
A)  Strong uterine contractions 
B)  Force of the presenting fetal part against the cervix 
C)  Size of the woman 
D)  Pressure applied by the amniotic sac 
E)  Scarring of the cervix

Question 14

Which statement regarding the care of a client in labor is correct and important to the nurse in the formulation of the plan of care?

Accepted Answer

A)  The woman's blood pressure will increase during contractions and fall back to prelabor normal levels between contractions. 
B)  The use of the Valsalva maneuver is encouraged during the second stage of labor to relieve fetal hypoxia. 
C)  Having the woman point her toes will reduce leg cramps. 
D)  Endogenous endorphins released during labor will raise the woman's pain threshold and produce sedation. 
A)  The woman's blood pressure will increase during contractions and fall back to prelabor normal levels between contractions. 
B)  The use of the Valsalva maneuver is encouraged during the second stage of labor to relieve fetal hypoxia. 
C)  Having the woman point her toes will reduce leg cramps. 
D)  Endogenous endorphins released during labor will raise the woman's pain threshold and produce sedation.

Question 15

Because of its size and rigidity,the fetal head has a major effect on the birth process.Which bones comprise the structure of the fetal skull? (Select all that apply. )

Accepted Answer

A)  Parietal 
B)  Temporal 
C)  Fontanel 
D)  Occipital 
E)  Femoral 
A)  Parietal 
B)  Temporal 
C)  Fontanel 
D)  Occipital 
E)  Femoral

Question 16

Which statement related to fetal positioning during labor is correct and important for the nurse to understand?

Accepted Answer

A)  Position is a measure of the degree of descent of the presenting part of the fetus through the birth canal. 
B)  Birth is imminent when the presenting part is at +4 to +5 cm below the spine. 
C)  The largest transverse diameter of the presenting part is the suboccipitobregmatic diameter. 
D)  Engagement is the term used to describe the beginning of labor. 
A)  Position is a measure of the degree of descent of the presenting part of the fetus through the birth canal. 
B)  Birth is imminent when the presenting part is at +4 to +5 cm below the spine. 
C)  The largest transverse diameter of the presenting part is the suboccipitobregmatic diameter. 
D)  Engagement is the term used to describe the beginning of labor.

Question 17

Which stage of labor varies the most in length?

Accepted Answer

A)  First 
B)  Second 
C)  Third 
D)  Fourth 
A)  First 
B)  Second 
C)  Third 
D)  Fourth

Question 18

When assessing the fetus using Leopold's maneuvers,the nurse feels a round,firm,and movable fetal part in the fundal portion of the uterus and a long,smooth surface in the mother's right side close to midline.What is the position of the fetus?

Accepted Answer

A)  ROA 
B)  LSP 
C)  RSA 
D)  LOA 
A)  ROA 
B)  LSP 
C)  RSA 
D)  LOA

Question 19

What is the correct term describing the slight overlapping of cranial bones or shaping of the fetal head during labor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lightening 
B)  Molding 
C)  Ferguson reflex 
D)  Valsalva maneuver 
A)  Lightening 
B)  Molding 
C)  Ferguson reflex 
D)  Valsalva maneuver

Question 20

Nurses can help their clients by keeping them informed about the distinctive stages of labor.Which description of the phases of the first stage of labor is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Latent: Mild,regular contractions;no dilation;bloody show;duration of 2 to 4 hours 
B)  Active: Moderate,regular contractions;4- to 7-cm dilation;duration of 3 to 6 hours 
C)  Lull: No contractions;dilation stable;duration of 20 to 60 minutes 
D)  Transition: Very strong but irregular contractions;8- to 10-cm dilation;duration of 1 to 2 hours 
A)  Latent: Mild,regular contractions;no dilation;bloody show;duration of 2 to 4 hours 
B)  Active: Moderate,regular contractions;4- to 7-cm dilation;duration of 3 to 6 hours 
C)  Lull: No contractions;dilation stable;duration of 20 to 60 minutes 
D)  Transition: Very strong but irregular contractions;8- to 10-cm dilation;duration of 1 to 2 hours

Exam 16: Labor and Birth Processes

Which nursing assessment indicates that a woman who is in second-stage labor is almost ready to give birth?

Which statement is the best rationale for assessing the maternal vital signs between uterine contractions?

A pregnant woman is at 38 weeks of gestation.She wants to know whether there are any signs that "labor is getting close to starting." Which finding is an indication that labor may begin soon?

Which basic type of pelvis includes the correct description and percentage of occurrence in women?

Which changes take place in the woman's reproductive system,days or even weeks before the commencement of labor? (Select all that apply. )

The nurse is performing an initial assessment of a client in labor.What is the appropriate terminology for the relationship of the fetal body parts to one another?

Which description of the four stages of labor is correct for both the definition and the duration?

A labor and delivery nurse should be cognizant of which information regarding how the fetus moves through the birth canal?

A woman's position is an important component of the labor progress.Which guidance is important for the nurse to provide to the laboring client?

A new mother asks the nurse when the "soft spot" on her son's head will go away.What is the nurse's best response,based upon her understanding of when the anterior frontal closes?

The nurse has received a report regarding a client in labor.The woman's last vaginal examination was recorded as 3 cm,30%,and -2.What is the nurse's interpretation of this assessment?

Nurses should be cognizant of what regarding the mechanism of labor?

Which factors influence cervical dilation? (Select all that apply. )

Which statement regarding the care of a client in labor is correct and important to the nurse in the formulation of the plan of care?

Because of its size and rigidity,the fetal head has a major effect on the birth process.Which bones comprise the structure of the fetal skull? (Select all that apply. )

Which statement related to fetal positioning during labor is correct and important for the nurse to understand?

Which stage of labor varies the most in length?

When assessing the fetus using Leopold's maneuvers,the nurse feels a round,firm,and movable fetal part in the fundal portion of the uterus and a long,smooth surface in the mother's right side close to midline.What is the position of the fetus?

What is the correct term describing the slight overlapping of cranial bones or shaping of the fetal head during labor?

Nurses can help their clients by keeping them informed about the distinctive stages of labor.Which description of the phases of the first stage of labor is accurate?

21st Century Maternity and Womens Health Nursing

Community Care: the Family and Culture

Nursing and Genomics

Assessment and Health Promotion

Violence Against Women

Reproductive System Concerns

Sexually Transmitted and Other Infections

Contraception and Abortion

Infertility

Problems of the Breast

Structural Disorders and Neoplasms of the Reproductive System

Conception and Fetal Development

Anatomy and Physiology of Pregnancy

Nursing Care of the Family During Pregnancy

Maternal and Fetal Nutrition

Maximizing Comfort for the Laboring Woman

Fetal Assessment During Labor

Nursing Care of the Family During Labor and Birth

Postpartum Physiologic Changes

Nursing Care of the Family During the Postpartum Period

Transition to Parenthood

Physiologic and Behavioral Adaptations of the Newborn

Nursing Care of the Newborn and Family

Newborn Nutrition and Feeding

Assessment of High Risk Pregnancy

Hypertensive Disorders

Hemorrhagic Disorders

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

Medical-Surgical Disorders

Mental Health Disorders and Substance Abuse

Labor and Birth Complications

Postpartum Complications

Nursing Care of the High Risk Newborn

Acquired Problems of the Newborn

Hemolytic Disorders and Congenital Anomalies

Perinatal Loss, bereavement, and Grief

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