Question 1

The majority of deaths due to smoking result from cardiovascular disease, not lung cancer or other lung diseases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

"Diver's reflex" is a response to diving in many aquatic mammals and also occurs in humans upon submersion in water. It is characterized by physiological changes that decrease oxygen consumption, such as a slowed heart rate. Which region of the heart would be directly affected by the nervous system to allow for the slowing of heart rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  SA node 
B)  AV node 
C)  left ventricle 
D)  right ventricle 
A)  SA node 
B)  AV node 
C)  left ventricle 
D)  right ventricle

Question 3

Which of these allows mammals to maintain a regular body temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  countercurrent gas exchange 
B)  open circulatory system 
C)  four-chambered heart 
D)  hemolymph and spiracles 
A)  countercurrent gas exchange 
B)  open circulatory system 
C)  four-chambered heart 
D)  hemolymph and spiracles

Question 4

An important cell type within human blood is the platelets, which

Accepted Answer

A)  provide glucose to tissues. 
B)  carry oxygen to body cells. 
C)  help form a clot at the site of a wound. 
D)  carry antibodies against infections. 
A)  provide glucose to tissues. 
B)  carry oxygen to body cells. 
C)  help form a clot at the site of a wound. 
D)  carry antibodies against infections.

Question 5

What does bright red blood indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  that oxygen is no longer bound to hemoglobin 
B)  that copper is bound to hemoglobin 
C)  that oxygen is bound to hemoglobin 
D)  that carbon monoxide is bound to hemoglobin 
A)  that oxygen is no longer bound to hemoglobin 
B)  that copper is bound to hemoglobin 
C)  that oxygen is bound to hemoglobin 
D)  that carbon monoxide is bound to hemoglobin

Question 6

Economy-class syndrome is a condition that develops after long plane rides in which individuals are seated in a cramped position with little leg room. Based on your knowledge of the cardiovascular system, which of the following might be a consequence of this syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased risk for heart attack 
B)  increased risk for thrombosis 
C)  increased risk for developing hypertension 
D)  increased risk for swelling in the brain 
A)  increased risk for heart attack 
B)  increased risk for thrombosis 
C)  increased risk for developing hypertension 
D)  increased risk for swelling in the brain

Question 7

Smoking affects the surfactant in the lungs, thereby

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the respiratory surface area. 
B)  decreasing gas exchange in the alveoli. 
C)  reducing the ability of hemoglobin to carry oxygen. 
D)  increasing concentrations of carbon monoxide. 
A)  increasing the respiratory surface area. 
B)  decreasing gas exchange in the alveoli. 
C)  reducing the ability of hemoglobin to carry oxygen. 
D)  increasing concentrations of carbon monoxide.

Question 8

Chronic smoking can lead to the formation of scar tissue in the lungs, permanently damaging alveoli. This process is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  bronchitis. 
B)  asthma. 
C)  emphysema. 
D)  lung cancer. 
A)  bronchitis. 
B)  asthma. 
C)  emphysema. 
D)  lung cancer.

Question 9

As you're sitting in your chair reading this test question, the process of breathing out (termed exhalation)is an active process.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Smoking may increase your risk for stroke and heart attack because substances in tobacco smoke

Accepted Answer

A)  promote the production of fibrinogen. 
B)  decrease platelet aggregation. 
C)  decrease the probability of clot formation. 
D)  decrease the risk for hypertension. 
A)  promote the production of fibrinogen. 
B)  decrease platelet aggregation. 
C)  decrease the probability of clot formation. 
D)  decrease the risk for hypertension.

Question 11

Smoking is most likely to cause damage to which process in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration 
B)  reabsorption 
C)  secretion 
D)  excretion 
A)  filtration 
B)  reabsorption 
C)  secretion 
D)  excretion

Question 12

Which of the following statements about respiration is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inhalation is a passive process. 
B)  Exhalation is an active process during intense exercise. 
C)  During exhalation, the pressure in the lung decreases. 
D)  During inhalation, the diaphragm relaxes. 
A)  Inhalation is a passive process. 
B)  Exhalation is an active process during intense exercise. 
C)  During exhalation, the pressure in the lung decreases. 
D)  During inhalation, the diaphragm relaxes.

Question 13

Although children believe that "holding my breath until I die" is possible, parents know this to not be true because

Accepted Answer

A)  as a child holds his or her breath, oxygen levels build, stimulating breathing by the brain stem. 
B)  as a child holds his or her breath, oxygen levels decrease, stimulating breathing by the brain stem. 
C)  as a child holds his or her breath, carbon dioxide levels decrease, stimulating breathing by the brain stem. 
D)  as a child holds his or her breath, carbon dioxide levels increase, stimulating breathing by the brain stem. 
A)  as a child holds his or her breath, oxygen levels build, stimulating breathing by the brain stem. 
B)  as a child holds his or her breath, oxygen levels decrease, stimulating breathing by the brain stem. 
C)  as a child holds his or her breath, carbon dioxide levels decrease, stimulating breathing by the brain stem. 
D)  as a child holds his or her breath, carbon dioxide levels increase, stimulating breathing by the brain stem.

Question 14

During evolutionary refinements that led from fish to mammals, why was a shift from gills to lungs necessary?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gills aren't as efficient as lungs in picking up oxygen. 
B)  Gills are too small to service a mammal's need for oxygen. 
C)  Gills work only in water; lungs work only on land. 
D)  Protecting gas-exchange surfaces from drying out is difficult in gills when on land. 
A)  Gills aren't as efficient as lungs in picking up oxygen. 
B)  Gills are too small to service a mammal's need for oxygen. 
C)  Gills work only in water; lungs work only on land. 
D)  Protecting gas-exchange surfaces from drying out is difficult in gills when on land.

Question 15

Blood pressure is lowest in

Accepted Answer

A)  arteries. 
B)  capillaries. 
C)  veins. 
D)  left ventricle. 
A)  arteries. 
B)  capillaries. 
C)  veins. 
D)  left ventricle.

Question 16

The process by which nephrons in the kidney remove toxins and other wastes via active transport is called

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration. 
B)  secretion. 
C)  reabsorption. 
D)  urination. 
A)  filtration. 
B)  secretion. 
C)  reabsorption. 
D)  urination.

Question 17

The duct within the kidney that collects urine is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  ureter. 
B)  renal vein. 
C)  bladder. 
D)  renal pelvis. 
A)  ureter. 
B)  renal vein. 
C)  bladder. 
D)  renal pelvis.

Question 18

Many of the components of tobacco smoke are ________, meaning these chemicals are known to cause cancer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many of the components of tobacco smoke...

Question 19

As air is inhaled, which of the four following structures is the last to be encountered?

Accepted Answer

A)  larynx 
B)  trachea 
C)  bronchiole 
D)  bronchi 
A)  larynx 
B)  trachea 
C)  bronchiole 
D)  bronchi

Question 20

Airborne particles can damage ________, which are structures lining the tissue surface of the respiratory tract.

Accepted Answer

A)  cilia 
B)  alveoli 
C)  bronchi 
D)  capillaries 
A)  cilia 
B)  alveoli 
C)  bronchi 
D)  capillaries

Exam 18: Clearing the Air: Respiratory Cardiovascular and Excretory Systems

The majority of deaths due to smoking result from cardiovascular disease, not lung cancer or other lung diseases.

Which of these allows mammals to maintain a regular body temperature?

An important cell type within human blood is the platelets, which

What does bright red blood indicate?

Economy-class syndrome is a condition that develops after long plane rides in which individuals are seated in a cramped position with little leg room. Based on your knowledge of the cardiovascular system, which of the following might be a consequence of this syndrome?

Smoking affects the surfactant in the lungs, thereby

Chronic smoking can lead to the formation of scar tissue in the lungs, permanently damaging alveoli. This process is termed

As you're sitting in your chair reading this test question, the process of breathing out (termed exhalation)is an active process.

Smoking may increase your risk for stroke and heart attack because substances in tobacco smoke

Smoking is most likely to cause damage to which process in the kidneys?

Which of the following statements about respiration is true?

Although children believe that "holding my breath until I die" is possible, parents know this to not be true because

During evolutionary refinements that led from fish to mammals, why was a shift from gills to lungs necessary?

Blood pressure is lowest in

The process by which nephrons in the kidney remove toxins and other wastes via active transport is called

The duct within the kidney that collects urine is called the

Many of the components of tobacco smoke are ________, meaning these chemicals are known to cause cancer.

As air is inhaled, which of the four following structures is the last to be encountered?

Airborne particles can damage ________, which are structures lining the tissue surface of the respiratory tract.

Can Science Cure the Common Cold? Introduction to the Scientific Method

Are We Alone in the Universe? Water, Biochemistry, and Cells

Is It Possible to Supplement Your Way to Better Health?

Fat: How Much is Right for You? Enzymes, Metabolism, and Cellular Respiration

Life in the Greenhouse: Photosynthesis and Global Warming

Cancer: DNA Synthesis, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Are You Only as Smart as Your Genes? Mendelian and Quantitative Genetics

DNA Detective: Complex Patterns of Inheritance and DNA Fingerprinting

Genetically Modified Organisms: Gene Expression, Mutation, and Cloning

Where Did We Come From? The Evidence for Evolution

An Evolving Enemy: Natural Selection

Who Am I? Species and Races

Prospecting for Biological Gold: Biodiversity and Classification

Is the Human Population Too Large? Population Ecology

Conserving Biodiversity: Community and Ecosystem Ecology

Where Do You Live? Climate and Biomes

Organ Donation: Tissues Organs and Organ Systems

Vaccinations: Protection and Prevention or Peril? Immune System

Sex Differences and Athleticism: Endocrine Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Is There Something in the Water? Reproductive and Developmental Biology

Attention Deficit Disorder: Brain Structure and Function

Feeding the World: Plant Structure and Growth

Growing a Green Thumb: Plant Physiology

Filters