Question 1

Levels of ultraviolet light influence both folate and vitamin D production in humans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

In a population where most of the individuals have long, narrow noses, a child is born with a short, broad nose. What's the most likely evolutionary explanation for this variation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both parents of this child are from another population. 
B)  Humidity in the area is increasing, and selection pressure is changing. 
C)  The child reflects the normal variation around the average type. 
D)  A mutation must have occurred to produce a new allele of the nose shape gene. 
A)  Both parents of this child are from another population. 
B)  Humidity in the area is increasing, and selection pressure is changing. 
C)  The child reflects the normal variation around the average type. 
D)  A mutation must have occurred to produce a new allele of the nose shape gene.

Question 3

Fossil evidence shows that all modern human populations evolved from human ancestors in Africa.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The hypothesis of punctuated equilibrium suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  there's been no change in life on Earth. 
B)  there's been gradual and steady change in life on Earth. 
C)  there have been short periods of dramatic evolutionary change separated by long periods of no change. 
D)  life on Earth changes dramatically most of the time, but there are short periods when there's no change. 
A)  there's been no change in life on Earth. 
B)  there's been gradual and steady change in life on Earth. 
C)  there have been short periods of dramatic evolutionary change separated by long periods of no change. 
D)  life on Earth changes dramatically most of the time, but there are short periods when there's no change.

Question 5

You're interested in the genetics of earlobe shape on your campus. Free (unattached)earlobes are caused by a dominant allele. The attached earlobe phenotype is caused by a recessive allele. Individuals with free earlobes have either a homozygous genotype or a heterozygous genotype. Assuming that your college campus is a stable population, how could you use one calculation to determine the percentage of students who have a heterozygous genotype for earlobe shape?

Accepted Answer

A)  calculate the percentage of people who have free earlobes 
B)  calculate the percentage of people who are homozygous-dominant for free earlobes 
C)  calculate the percentage of people who have attached earlobes 
D)  calculate the percentage of people who carry the recessive allele 
A)  calculate the percentage of people who have free earlobes 
B)  calculate the percentage of people who are homozygous-dominant for free earlobes 
C)  calculate the percentage of people who have attached earlobes 
D)  calculate the percentage of people who carry the recessive allele

Question 6

-The figure illustrates the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  gradualism. 
B)  hybridization. 
C)  punctualism. 
D)  polyploidy. 
A)  gradualism. 
B)  hybridization. 
C)  punctualism. 
D)  polyploidy.

Question 7

What causes the reproductive isolation that can lead to speciation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Members of one group don't want to mate with other groups. 
B)  Members of one group are unable to make fertile offspring with other groups. 
C)  A group is extinct. 
D)  Some members of a group are sterile. 
A)  Members of one group don't want to mate with other groups. 
B)  Members of one group are unable to make fertile offspring with other groups. 
C)  A group is extinct. 
D)  Some members of a group are sterile.

Question 8

In what type of population would evolution occur most rapidly?

Accepted Answer

A)  a large population with a large gene pool 
B)  a small population with a relatively diverse gene pool 
C)  a small population with a small gene pool 
D)  a large population with a relatively limited gene pool 
A)  a large population with a large gene pool 
B)  a small population with a relatively diverse gene pool 
C)  a small population with a small gene pool 
D)  a large population with a relatively limited gene pool

Question 9

A small founder population of turtles has established a population on an island with a varied and good habitat that contains ample food. There is very little competition between members. What is the likely effect on evolution of this low level of competition?

Accepted Answer

A)  The population will remain very stable in size, and it won't evolve much. 
B)  The population will grow in size but won't change much. 
C)  The population will grow in size, and many variants will coexist. 
D)  Genetic drift will eliminate most of the population. 
A)  The population will remain very stable in size, and it won't evolve much. 
B)  The population will grow in size but won't change much. 
C)  The population will grow in size, and many variants will coexist. 
D)  Genetic drift will eliminate most of the population.

Question 10

Many lines of evidence suggest that human populations aren't distinct races. What keeps us so similar even though adaptations to local conditions have occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  Members of different populations mate with each other. 
B)  Natural selection has acted in the same way for all groups of humans. 
C)  Populations mate assortatively. 
D)  Sexual selection has acted in the same way for all groups. 
A)  Members of different populations mate with each other. 
B)  Natural selection has acted in the same way for all groups of humans. 
C)  Populations mate assortatively. 
D)  Sexual selection has acted in the same way for all groups.

Question 11

-California tarweed seeds were able to reach the Hawaiian Islands, and a new species emerged from this isolated population. This example illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  the founder hypothesis. 
B)  hybridization. 
C)  punctuated equilibrium. 
D)  polyploidy. 
A)  the founder hypothesis. 
B)  hybridization. 
C)  punctuated equilibrium. 
D)  polyploidy.

Question 12

You're studying two species of frog. How would you know if gradualism or punctuated equilibrium played a role in the formation of the two species from their common ancestor?

Accepted Answer

A)  The species would have more differences if speciation occurred gradually. 
B)  The species would have more differences if speciation occurred suddenly. 
C)  The species would be the same regardless of the how speciation occurred. 
D)  The degree of difference depends less on the mechanism of speciation than on the time that's passed since speciation occurred. 
A)  The species would have more differences if speciation occurred gradually. 
B)  The species would have more differences if speciation occurred suddenly. 
C)  The species would be the same regardless of the how speciation occurred. 
D)  The degree of difference depends less on the mechanism of speciation than on the time that's passed since speciation occurred.

Question 13

Scientists are most likely to use which of the following to calculate allele frequencies in a human population?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hardy-Weinberg theorem 
B)  DNA technology 
C)  physical characteristics of fossils 
D)  Punnett squares 
A)  Hardy-Weinberg theorem 
B)  DNA technology 
C)  physical characteristics of fossils 
D)  Punnett squares

Question 14

Two populations that have adapted to similar environmental conditions sometimes have a similar appearance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

About how long have modern humans existed?

Accepted Answer

A)  25,000 years 
B)  250,000 years 
C)  2,500,000 years 
D)  25,000,000 years 
A)  25,000 years 
B)  250,000 years 
C)  2,500,000 years 
D)  25,000,000 years

Question 16

You read that two populations of hyena are different subspecies. Which of the following would be true of the two populations?

Accepted Answer

A)  They could produce fertile offspring. 
B)  One group would be much larger than the other group. 
C)  Their mating behavior would be quite different. 
D)  They would have different diets. 
A)  They could produce fertile offspring. 
B)  One group would be much larger than the other group. 
C)  Their mating behavior would be quite different. 
D)  They would have different diets.

Question 17

How can we explain the observation that traits such as skin color are fairly consistent within a racial group but alleles for skin color aren't consistent?

Accepted Answer

A)  There's no relationship between alleles and skin color. 
B)  Skin color is influenced by many genes, so several different gene pools can produce the same skin color. 
C)  Only one gene is important in skin color, and when analysis is limited to that gene, there's clear evidence of a long separation of groups. 
D)  Few allele variations between groups are just what you would expect if races were genealogical species. 
A)  There's no relationship between alleles and skin color. 
B)  Skin color is influenced by many genes, so several different gene pools can produce the same skin color. 
C)  Only one gene is important in skin color, and when analysis is limited to that gene, there's clear evidence of a long separation of groups. 
D)  Few allele variations between groups are just what you would expect if races were genealogical species.

Question 18

In order to be acted on by sexual selection, a trait must be

Accepted Answer

A)  something that influences mate choice by the opposite sex. 
B)  something that increases survival. 
C)  a male trait. 
D)  a trait that increases fertility. 
A)  something that influences mate choice by the opposite sex. 
B)  something that increases survival. 
C)  a male trait. 
D)  a trait that increases fertility.

Question 19

How does polyploidy cause reproductive isolation?

Accepted Answer

A)  It changes the timing of reproduction. 
B)  It changes instructions for how to make reproductive anatomy. 
C)  It alters the number of chromosomes in sex cells. 
D)  It changes the prey preference of the organism. 
A)  It changes the timing of reproduction. 
B)  It changes instructions for how to make reproductive anatomy. 
C)  It alters the number of chromosomes in sex cells. 
D)  It changes the prey preference of the organism.

Question 20

You wish to study interspecies mating. Which of the following would be the best mating pair to study?

Accepted Answer

A)  a Great Dane and a poodle 
B)  a lion and a tiger 
C)  a green bell pepper plant and a red bell pepper plant 
D)  a striped tiger and an albino tiger 
A)  a Great Dane and a poodle 
B)  a lion and a tiger 
C)  a green bell pepper plant and a red bell pepper plant 
D)  a striped tiger and an albino tiger

Exam 12: Who Am I? Species and Races

Levels of ultraviolet light influence both folate and vitamin D production in humans.

In a population where most of the individuals have long, narrow noses, a child is born with a short, broad nose. What's the most likely evolutionary explanation for this variation?

Fossil evidence shows that all modern human populations evolved from human ancestors in Africa.

The hypothesis of punctuated equilibrium suggests that

-The figure illustrates the concept of

What causes the reproductive isolation that can lead to speciation?

In what type of population would evolution occur most rapidly?

A small founder population of turtles has established a population on an island with a varied and good habitat that contains ample food. There is very little competition between members. What is the likely effect on evolution of this low level of competition?

Many lines of evidence suggest that human populations aren't distinct races. What keeps us so similar even though adaptations to local conditions have occurred?

-California tarweed seeds were able to reach the Hawaiian Islands, and a new species emerged from this isolated population. This example illustrates

You're studying two species of frog. How would you know if gradualism or punctuated equilibrium played a role in the formation of the two species from their common ancestor?

Scientists are most likely to use which of the following to calculate allele frequencies in a human population?

Two populations that have adapted to similar environmental conditions sometimes have a similar appearance.

About how long have modern humans existed?

You read that two populations of hyena are different subspecies. Which of the following would be true of the two populations?

How can we explain the observation that traits such as skin color are fairly consistent within a racial group but alleles for skin color aren't consistent?

In order to be acted on by sexual selection, a trait must be

How does polyploidy cause reproductive isolation?

You wish to study interspecies mating. Which of the following would be the best mating pair to study?

Can Science Cure the Common Cold? Introduction to the Scientific Method

Are We Alone in the Universe? Water, Biochemistry, and Cells

Is It Possible to Supplement Your Way to Better Health?

Fat: How Much is Right for You? Enzymes, Metabolism, and Cellular Respiration

Life in the Greenhouse: Photosynthesis and Global Warming

Cancer: DNA Synthesis, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Are You Only as Smart as Your Genes? Mendelian and Quantitative Genetics

DNA Detective: Complex Patterns of Inheritance and DNA Fingerprinting

Genetically Modified Organisms: Gene Expression, Mutation, and Cloning

Where Did We Come From? The Evidence for Evolution

An Evolving Enemy: Natural Selection

Prospecting for Biological Gold: Biodiversity and Classification

Is the Human Population Too Large? Population Ecology

Conserving Biodiversity: Community and Ecosystem Ecology

Where Do You Live? Climate and Biomes

Organ Donation: Tissues Organs and Organ Systems

Clearing the Air: Respiratory Cardiovascular and Excretory Systems

Vaccinations: Protection and Prevention or Peril? Immune System

Sex Differences and Athleticism: Endocrine Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Is There Something in the Water? Reproductive and Developmental Biology

Attention Deficit Disorder: Brain Structure and Function

Feeding the World: Plant Structure and Growth

Growing a Green Thumb: Plant Physiology

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