Question 1

A ________ is a surgical instrument used to perform biopsies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ is a surgical instrument used...

Question 2

Mutations of the gene that encodes p53 result in

Accepted Answer

A)  damaged DNA proceeding through mitosis. 
B)  damaged DNA being repaired. 
C)  cells containing damaged DNA to "commit suicide." 
D)  a receptor protein with a different shape than usual. 
A)  damaged DNA proceeding through mitosis. 
B)  damaged DNA being repaired. 
C)  cells containing damaged DNA to "commit suicide." 
D)  a receptor protein with a different shape than usual.

Question 3

What is the difference between oncogenes and proto-oncogenes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oncogenes encode proteins that help a cell divide under favorable conditions; proto-oncogenes encode proteins that help a cell divide under unfavorable conditions. 
B)  Oncogenes encode proteins that prevent cell division under unfavorable conditions; proto-oncogenes encode proteins that allow cell division under unfavorable conditions. 
C)  Proto-oncogenes encode proteins that help a cell divide under favorable conditions; oncogenes encode proteins that help a cell divide under unfavorable conditions. 
D)  Proto-oncogenes encode proteins that prevent cell division under unfavorable conditions; oncogenes encode proteins that allow cell division under unfavorable conditions. 
A)  Oncogenes encode proteins that help a cell divide under favorable conditions; proto-oncogenes encode proteins that help a cell divide under unfavorable conditions. 
B)  Oncogenes encode proteins that prevent cell division under unfavorable conditions; proto-oncogenes encode proteins that allow cell division under unfavorable conditions. 
C)  Proto-oncogenes encode proteins that help a cell divide under favorable conditions; oncogenes encode proteins that help a cell divide under unfavorable conditions. 
D)  Proto-oncogenes encode proteins that prevent cell division under unfavorable conditions; oncogenes encode proteins that allow cell division under unfavorable conditions.

Question 4

Nucleotides in opposing strands of DNA that bind to each other are called

Accepted Answer

A)  semiconservative. 
B)  complementary. 
C)  conjoined. 
D)  sister chromatids. 
A)  semiconservative. 
B)  complementary. 
C)  conjoined. 
D)  sister chromatids.

Question 5

What is the process by which a tumor attracts and redirects blood vessels to keep it supplied with O? and nutrients?

Accepted Answer

A)  angiogenesis 
B)  carcinogenesis 
C)  contact inhibition 
D)  tumor suppression 
A)  angiogenesis 
B)  carcinogenesis 
C)  contact inhibition 
D)  tumor suppression

Question 6

Homologous chromosomes separate during

Accepted Answer

A)  meiosis I. 
B)  meiosis II. 
C)  mitosis. 
D)  cytokinesis. 
A)  meiosis I. 
B)  meiosis II. 
C)  mitosis. 
D)  cytokinesis.

Question 7

Why do chromosomes resemble the letter X when viewed during metaphase?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because they all appear and function as X chromosomes at that stage. 
B)  Because there are two sister chromatids joined at a point in the middle (the centromere). 
C)  Because microtubules encircle and attach pairs of chromosomes to each other at the centromere. 
D)  Because each X-shaped structure is actually four chromosomes joined at the centromere. 
A)  Because they all appear and function as X chromosomes at that stage. 
B)  Because there are two sister chromatids joined at a point in the middle (the centromere). 
C)  Because microtubules encircle and attach pairs of chromosomes to each other at the centromere. 
D)  Because each X-shaped structure is actually four chromosomes joined at the centromere.

Question 8

Tetraploid organisms have four copies of each chromosome instead of the two copies that humans have. How many copies of each chromosome end up in a gamete produced by a tetraploid organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 9

Which of the following cells spends the most time in interphase?

Accepted Answer

A)  skin cells on the hands 
B)  epithelial cells lining the intestine 
C)  nerve cells in the brain 
D)  mucous membrane cells in the mouth 
A)  skin cells on the hands 
B)  epithelial cells lining the intestine 
C)  nerve cells in the brain 
D)  mucous membrane cells in the mouth

Question 10

The two halves of a duplicated chromosome are called ________ (two words).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The two halves of a duplicated chromosome...

Question 11

During the metaphase checkpoint, the cell checks whether

Accepted Answer

A)  it is large enough to divide. 
B)  its DNA has been replicated correctly. 
C)  its chromosomes are properly attached to microtubules. 
D)  there are sufficient nutrients available. 
A)  it is large enough to divide. 
B)  its DNA has been replicated correctly. 
C)  its chromosomes are properly attached to microtubules. 
D)  there are sufficient nutrients available.

Question 12

A normal human cell containing 44 autosomes and two X chromosomes is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  egg cell. 
B)  somatic cell of a female. 
C)  somatic cell of a male. 
D)  sperm cell. 
A)  egg cell. 
B)  somatic cell of a female. 
C)  somatic cell of a male. 
D)  sperm cell.

Question 13

Free radicals remove ________ from other molecules.

Accepted Answer

A)  protons 
B)  neutrons 
C)  electrons 
D)  photons 
A)  protons 
B)  neutrons 
C)  electrons 
D)  photons

Question 14

Most organelles duplicate during

Accepted Answer

A)  prophase of mitosis. 
B)  telophase of mitosis. 
C)  the S phase of interphase. 
D)  the G1 phase of interphase. 
A)  prophase of mitosis. 
B)  telophase of mitosis. 
C)  the S phase of interphase. 
D)  the G1 phase of interphase.

Question 15

Most forms of chemotherapy target which feature of cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  anchorage independence 
B)  cell division 
C)  invasiveness of surrounding tissues 
D)  metastasis 
A)  anchorage independence 
B)  cell division 
C)  invasiveness of surrounding tissues 
D)  metastasis

Question 16

Normal sperm or egg cells in a human

Accepted Answer

A)  are produced by mitosis. 
B)  have one copy of each chromosome. 
C)  have two copies of each chromosome. 
D)  are genetically identical to every other sperm or egg cell made by that person. 
A)  are produced by mitosis. 
B)  have one copy of each chromosome. 
C)  have two copies of each chromosome. 
D)  are genetically identical to every other sperm or egg cell made by that person.

Question 17

The surgical removal of cells, tissue, or fluid that will be analyzed to determine whether they are cancerous is called a ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The surgical removal of cells, tissue, or...

Question 18

Consider a strand of DNA with the sequence GAATTCGGCA. What is the sequence of the complementary strand?

Accepted Answer

A)  ACGGCTTAAG 
B)  AGGCCTAATG 
C)  CTTAAGCCGT 
D)  GAATTCGGCA 
A)  ACGGCTTAAG 
B)  AGGCCTAATG 
C)  CTTAAGCCGT 
D)  GAATTCGGCA

Question 19

Consider a cell that underwent mitosis but not cytokinesis. The result would be

Accepted Answer

A)  a cell with one nucleus containing twice the normal number of chromosomes. 
B)  a cell with two nuclei. 
C)  daughter cells with no nucleus. 
D)  daughter cells with too few chromosomes. 
A)  a cell with one nucleus containing twice the normal number of chromosomes. 
B)  a cell with two nuclei. 
C)  daughter cells with no nucleus. 
D)  daughter cells with too few chromosomes.

Question 20

Which carbohydrate is used to create the cell wall during cytokinesis in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose 
B)  sucrose 
C)  glucose 
D)  lactose 
A)  cellulose 
B)  sucrose 
C)  glucose 
D)  lactose

Exam 6: Cancer: DNA Synthesis, Mitosis, and Meiosis

A ________ is a surgical instrument used to perform biopsies.

Mutations of the gene that encodes p53 result in

What is the difference between oncogenes and proto-oncogenes?

Nucleotides in opposing strands of DNA that bind to each other are called

What is the process by which a tumor attracts and redirects blood vessels to keep it supplied with O? and nutrients?

Homologous chromosomes separate during

Why do chromosomes resemble the letter X when viewed during metaphase?

Tetraploid organisms have four copies of each chromosome instead of the two copies that humans have. How many copies of each chromosome end up in a gamete produced by a tetraploid organism?

Which of the following cells spends the most time in interphase?

The two halves of a duplicated chromosome are called ________ (two words).

During the metaphase checkpoint, the cell checks whether

A normal human cell containing 44 autosomes and two X chromosomes is a(n)

Free radicals remove ________ from other molecules.

Most organelles duplicate during

Most forms of chemotherapy target which feature of cancer cells?

Normal sperm or egg cells in a human

The surgical removal of cells, tissue, or fluid that will be analyzed to determine whether they are cancerous is called a ________.

Consider a strand of DNA with the sequence GAATTCGGCA. What is the sequence of the complementary strand?

Consider a cell that underwent mitosis but not cytokinesis. The result would be

Which carbohydrate is used to create the cell wall during cytokinesis in plant cells?

Can Science Cure the Common Cold? Introduction to the Scientific Method

Are We Alone in the Universe? Water, Biochemistry, and Cells

Is It Possible to Supplement Your Way to Better Health?

Fat: How Much is Right for You? Enzymes, Metabolism, and Cellular Respiration

Life in the Greenhouse: Photosynthesis and Global Warming

Are You Only as Smart as Your Genes? Mendelian and Quantitative Genetics

DNA Detective: Complex Patterns of Inheritance and DNA Fingerprinting

Genetically Modified Organisms: Gene Expression, Mutation, and Cloning

Where Did We Come From? The Evidence for Evolution

An Evolving Enemy: Natural Selection

Who Am I? Species and Races

Prospecting for Biological Gold: Biodiversity and Classification

Is the Human Population Too Large? Population Ecology

Conserving Biodiversity: Community and Ecosystem Ecology

Where Do You Live? Climate and Biomes

Organ Donation: Tissues Organs and Organ Systems

Clearing the Air: Respiratory Cardiovascular and Excretory Systems

Vaccinations: Protection and Prevention or Peril? Immune System

Sex Differences and Athleticism: Endocrine Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Is There Something in the Water? Reproductive and Developmental Biology

Attention Deficit Disorder: Brain Structure and Function

Feeding the World: Plant Structure and Growth

Growing a Green Thumb: Plant Physiology

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