Exam 3: Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

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Based on information from the authors of your text, what is one possible explanation as to why girls and boys perform about the same in math in elementary school, but a gender gap appears around puberty?

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Several studies conducted by Nisbett and his colleagues suggest that people who grow up in East Asian cultures think more ___________ than people who grew up in Western cultures.

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Nisbett (2003) suggested that the difference in ways of thinking came from differences in East and West philosophical traditions. With that in mind, how would you expect your new roommate, who is from Korea, to think?

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Which of the following statements is true?

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Recall that Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson (1968) informed grade-school teachers that some of their students (called "bloomers") would show great academic improvement in the upcoming year. Also recall that students labeled "bloomers" actually showed greater increases on IQ tests compared to students who were not labeled "bloomers." These differences occurred because teachers

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Carol has a subtle "Mona Lisa" smile that is much harder to detect than an obvious toothy grin. Assume that before you met Carol, a mutual friend described her as warm and friendly. The first time Carol smiled at you, if you were to rely on your schemas, you would probably conclude that she is

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Controlled processes such as counterfactual thinking can have their benefits and drawbacks. First, discuss what is meant by the term "counterfactual thinking," then explain how this phenomenon can be beneficial and how it can be detrimental.

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Explain some of the differences in social cognition between Eastern Asian and Western cultures.

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Which is more likely to occur when we are distracted?

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Jason cannot stop thinking about the fact that because he turned in his term paper late, he missed getting an "A" in the class. He repetitively focuses on this negative part of the class; in other words, his counterfactual thinking has turned into

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Complete the following analogy. Nonconscious thinking: _______ :: conscious thinking: ________.

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Researchers had college students read statements about the existence of or absence of free will. This served as the ________ variable for their experiment.

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Researchers Miyamoto, Nisbett, and Masuda compared photographs of city scenes in the U.S. and Japan. They found that on average, city scenes in the U.S.

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When the psychologist asks, "Tell me the first thing that comes to mind," he/she is asking for the most _______ schema.

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The text discusses several instances where relying on automatic thinking can lead to negative consequences. Identify and discuss one instance where using controlled thinking could be problematic.

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When a researcher interviewed both a Scotsman and a Bantu herdsman about the particulars of a cattle transaction, the Scot ________, whereas the Bantu herdsman ________.

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The authors of your text suggest that with respect to traditional gender differences in scholastic performance, one causal factor may be

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Julie sees an Asian couple at the New York City Zoo. According to __________, she may assume they are foreigners touring the area, but according to __________, she should assume that given the low tourism rate in her town, they are actually local residents.

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Which of the following decisions would you be most likely to make via automatic thinking? A decision about

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According to the authors of your text, automatic thinking is based on

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