Question 1

What is NF\kappaB and what is its role in mediating signals through TLRs?

Accepted Answer

NF\kappaB is a transcription factor,and

Question 2

_____ binds to and retains NF\kappaB in the cytosol.

Accepted Answer

A) MyD88 
B) TRAF6 
C) I\kappaB 
D) I\kappa\kappa 
E) IRAK4. 
A) MyD88 
B) TRAF6 
C) I\kappaB 
D) I\kappa\kappa 
E) IRAK4.

Question 3

C-reactive protein binds to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) phosphorylcholine 
B) mannose-containing carbohydrates 
C) lipoteichoic acid 
D) flagellin 
E) MASP-1/MASP-2. 
A) phosphorylcholine 
B) mannose-containing carbohydrates 
C) lipoteichoic acid 
D) flagellin 
E) MASP-1/MASP-2.

Question 4

During inflammation,host tissue may be damaged owing to the release of toxic oxygen derivatives produced by activated macrophages and neutrophils.Explain what cellular mechanisms limit these damaging bystander effects.

Accepted Answer

Toxic oxygen species including superoxid

Question 5

C3 convertase that functions in the lectin pathway of complement activation consists of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) C3bBb 
B) C3b2a 
C) C4b2a 
D) C4b2b 
E) C3b2Bb. 
A) C3bBb 
B) C3b2a 
C) C4b2a 
D) C4b2b 
E) C3b2Bb.

Question 6

Which of the following does not describe a safety mechanism to ensure that only infected cells are attacked by NK cells?

Accepted Answer

A) The default state is one of active inhibition,which must be overcome by activating signals before killing occurs. 
B) Intimate contact with target cells is required. 
C) Activating receptors are induced only after encountering an infected cell. 
D) No single receptor-ligand interaction induces cytotoxicity,but instead many combinations of receptor-ligand interactions influence the decision to kill or not to kill a target cell. 
A) The default state is one of active inhibition,which must be overcome by activating signals before killing occurs. 
B) Intimate contact with target cells is required. 
C) Activating receptors are induced only after encountering an infected cell. 
D) No single receptor-ligand interaction induces cytotoxicity,but instead many combinations of receptor-ligand interactions influence the decision to kill or not to kill a target cell.

Question 7

The function of uterine NK cells (uNK)is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) kill virus-infected cells 
B) secrete growth factors that promote blood vessel growth to supply the placenta 
C) activate resident macrophages by secreting inflammatory cytokines 
D) secrete 1000 times more type I interferon than other cells to protect the fetus from viral infection. 
A) kill virus-infected cells 
B) secrete growth factors that promote blood vessel growth to supply the placenta 
C) activate resident macrophages by secreting inflammatory cytokines 
D) secrete 1000 times more type I interferon than other cells to protect the fetus from viral infection.

Question 8

C-type lectins are so called because of the role of _____ in facilitating receptor:ligand interactions.

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrate 
B) CR1 
C) calcium 
D) chemokines 
E) caspases. 
A) carbohydrate 
B) CR1 
C) calcium 
D) chemokines 
E) caspases.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes an endogenous pyrogen?

Accepted Answer

A) cytokines made by pathogens that decrease body temperature 
B) pathogen products that decrease body temperature 
C) pathogen products that increase body temperature 
D) cytokines made by the host that decrease body temperature 
E) cytokines made by the host that increase body temperature. 
A) cytokines made by pathogens that decrease body temperature 
B) pathogen products that decrease body temperature 
C) pathogen products that increase body temperature 
D) cytokines made by the host that decrease body temperature 
E) cytokines made by the host that increase body temperature.

Question 10

Which of the following is an acute-phase protein that enhances complement fixation?

Accepted Answer

A) TNF-\alpha 
B) mannose-binding lectin 
C) fibrinogen 
D) LFA-1 
E) CXCL8. 
A) TNF-\alpha 
B) mannose-binding lectin 
C) fibrinogen 
D) LFA-1 
E) CXCL8.

Question 11

Stimulation of NK cells by IL-12 _____.

Accepted Answer

A) enhances their cytotoxic potential 
B) skews their differentiation into effector NK cells 
C) induces the synthesis and secretion of IL-15 by NK cells 
D) turns off type I interferon production by NK cells 
E) induces the NK cell to undergo programmed cell death. 
A) enhances their cytotoxic potential 
B) skews their differentiation into effector NK cells 
C) induces the synthesis and secretion of IL-15 by NK cells 
D) turns off type I interferon production by NK cells 
E) induces the NK cell to undergo programmed cell death.

Question 12

Which of the following activities are most closely associated with natural killer cells?

Accepted Answer

A) production of TNF-\alpha 
B) lysis of virus-infected cells 
C) phagocytosis of bacteria 
D) release of reactive oxygen intermediates 
E) production of IFN-\gamma. 
A) production of TNF-\alpha 
B) lysis of virus-infected cells 
C) phagocytosis of bacteria 
D) release of reactive oxygen intermediates 
E) production of IFN-\gamma.

Question 13

Explain the consequence of engagement of the TLR4,CD14,and MD2 complex with LPS in macrophages.

Accepted Answer

When TLR4 on the surface of macrophages

Question 14

Which of the following Toll-like receptors are expressed exclusively in NK cells? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) TLR3 
B) TLR4 
C) TLR7 
D) TLR8 
E) TLR9. 
A) TLR3 
B) TLR4 
C) TLR7 
D) TLR8 
E) TLR9.

Question 15

All of the following are true of MyD88 except _____.

Accepted Answer

A) It binds to the TIR domains of all Toll-like receptors except TLR3. 
B) It binds to IRAK4,a protein kinase,causing the kinase to phosphorylate itself. 
C) It is an adaptor protein with similar function to TRIF. 
D) A genetic deficiency of MyD88 causes the disease X-linked ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency. 
A) It binds to the TIR domains of all Toll-like receptors except TLR3. 
B) It binds to IRAK4,a protein kinase,causing the kinase to phosphorylate itself. 
C) It is an adaptor protein with similar function to TRIF. 
D) A genetic deficiency of MyD88 causes the disease X-linked ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency.

Question 16

Which of the following does not describe a feature observed when a target cell is induced to commit apoptosis by an NK cell?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA fragmentation by target cell nucleases 
B) target cell shrinkage 
C) shedding of membrane-enclosed vesicles by the target cell 
D) chromatin extrusion in the form of decondensed DNA by the target cell 
E) macrophage disposal of apoptotic remains of the target cell. 
A) DNA fragmentation by target cell nucleases 
B) target cell shrinkage 
C) shedding of membrane-enclosed vesicles by the target cell 
D) chromatin extrusion in the form of decondensed DNA by the target cell 
E) macrophage disposal of apoptotic remains of the target cell.

Question 17

ligands of endosomal Toll-like receptors are _____.

Accepted Answer

A) lipids of Gram-negative bacteria 
B) flagellin proteins of bacteria 
C) lipids of Gram-positive bacteria 
D) zymosan of fungi 
E) nucleic acids of viruses and bacteria. 
A) lipids of Gram-negative bacteria 
B) flagellin proteins of bacteria 
C) lipids of Gram-positive bacteria 
D) zymosan of fungi 
E) nucleic acids of viruses and bacteria.

Question 18

_____ are structurally similar membrane-bound proteins that aid in the adhesion between various types of human cell.

Accepted Answer

A) Interferons 
B) Integrins 
C) GTP-binding proteins 
D) Pyrogens 
E) Pentraxins. 
A) Interferons 
B) Integrins 
C) GTP-binding proteins 
D) Pyrogens 
E) Pentraxins.

Question 19

Which of the following cleaves C2? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Factor B 
B) C1r 
C) MASP-2 
D) C1s 
E) C4b. 
A) Factor B 
B) C1r 
C) MASP-2 
D) C1s 
E) C4b.

Question 20

Which of the following is most similar in its activity to that of IRF3?

Accepted Answer

A) IRAK4 
B) NF\kappaB 
C) TRAF6 
D) I\kappa\kappa 
E) GTP-binding (G)protein. 
A) IRAK4 
B) NF\kappaB 
C) TRAF6 
D) I\kappa\kappa 
E) GTP-binding (G)protein.

What is NF\kappaB and what is its role in mediating signals through TLRs?

_____ binds to and retains NF\kappaB in the cytosol.

C-reactive protein binds to _____.

During inflammation,host tissue may be damaged owing to the release of toxic oxygen derivatives produced by activated macrophages and neutrophils.Explain what cellular mechanisms limit these damaging bystander effects.

C3 convertase that functions in the lectin pathway of complement activation consists of _____.

Which of the following does not describe a safety mechanism to ensure that only infected cells are attacked by NK cells?

The function of uterine NK cells (uNK)is to _____.

C-type lectins are so called because of the role of _____ in facilitating receptor:ligand interactions.

Which of the following best describes an endogenous pyrogen?

Which of the following is an acute-phase protein that enhances complement fixation?

Stimulation of NK cells by IL-12 _____.

Which of the following activities are most closely associated with natural killer cells?

Explain the consequence of engagement of the TLR4,CD14,and MD2 complex with LPS in macrophages.

Which of the following Toll-like receptors are expressed exclusively in NK cells? (Select all that apply.)

All of the following are true of MyD88 except _____.

Which of the following does not describe a feature observed when a target cell is induced to commit apoptosis by an NK cell?

ligands of endosomal Toll-like receptors are _____.

_____ are structurally similar membrane-bound proteins that aid in the adhesion between various types of human cell.

Which of the following cleaves C2? (Select all that apply.)

Which of the following is most similar in its activity to that of IRF3?

Elements of the Immune System and Their Roles in Defense

Innate Immunity: the Immediate Response to Infection

Antibody Structure and the Generation of B-Cell Diversity

Antigen Recognition by T Lymphocytes

The Development of B Lymphocytes

The Development of T Lymphocytes

T Cell-Mediated Immunity

Immunity Mediated by B Cells and Antibodies

Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces

Immunological Memory and Vaccination

Coevolution of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Failures of the Bodys Defenses

Ige-Mediated Immunity and Allergy

Transplantation of Tissues and Organs

Disruption of Healthy Tissue by the Adaptive Immune Response

Cancer and Its Interactions With the Immune System

Filters

Exam 3: Innate Immunity: the Induced Response to Infection

What is NF\kappaB and what is its role in mediating signals through TLRs?

_____ binds to and retains NF\kappaB in the cytosol.

C-reactive protein binds to _____.

During inflammation,host tissue may be damaged owing to the release of toxic oxygen derivatives produced by activated macrophages and neutrophils.Explain what cellular mechanisms limit these damaging bystander effects.

C3 convertase that functions in the lectin pathway of complement activation consists of _____.

Which of the following does not describe a safety mechanism to ensure that only infected cells are attacked by NK cells?

The function of uterine NK cells (uNK)is to _____.

C-type lectins are so called because of the role of _____ in facilitating receptor:ligand interactions.

Which of the following best describes an endogenous pyrogen?

Which of the following is an acute-phase protein that enhances complement fixation?

Stimulation of NK cells by IL-12 _____.

Which of the following activities are most closely associated with natural killer cells?

Explain the consequence of engagement of the TLR4,CD14,and MD2 complex with LPS in macrophages.

Which of the following Toll-like receptors are expressed exclusively in NK cells? (Select all that apply.)

All of the following are true of MyD88 except _____.

Which of the following does not describe a feature observed when a target cell is induced to commit apoptosis by an NK cell?

ligands of endosomal Toll-like receptors are _____.

_____ are structurally similar membrane-bound proteins that aid in the adhesion between various types of human cell.

Which of the following cleaves C2? (Select all that apply.)

Which of the following is most similar in its activity to that of IRF3?

Elements of the Immune System and Their Roles in Defense

Innate Immunity: the Immediate Response to Infection

Antibody Structure and the Generation of B-Cell Diversity

Antigen Recognition by T Lymphocytes

The Development of B Lymphocytes

The Development of T Lymphocytes

T Cell-Mediated Immunity

Immunity Mediated by B Cells and Antibodies

Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces

Immunological Memory and Vaccination

Coevolution of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Failures of the Bodys Defenses

Ige-Mediated Immunity and Allergy

Transplantation of Tissues and Organs

Disruption of Healthy Tissue by the Adaptive Immune Response

Cancer and Its Interactions With the Immune System

Filters