Question 1

Engulfment of apoptotic centrocytes is facilitated by _____ in germinal centers.

Accepted Answer

A) follicular dendritic cells 
B) immune-complex coated bodies (iccosomes) 
C) tingible body macrophages 
D) antigen-specific B cells 
E) antigen-specific TFH cells. 
A) follicular dendritic cells 
B) immune-complex coated bodies (iccosomes) 
C) tingible body macrophages 
D) antigen-specific B cells 
E) antigen-specific TFH cells.

Question 2

Which of the following is an accurate description of how centroblasts differ from centrocytes?

Accepted Answer

A) Centroblasts cease their expression of cell-surface immunoglobulins. 
B) Centroblasts divide more slowly than centrocytes. 
C) Centroblasts express CD44 but centrocytes do not. 
D) Centrocytes,but not centroblasts,initiate the process of isotype switching. 
E) Centroblasts participate in affinity maturation. 
A) Centroblasts cease their expression of cell-surface immunoglobulins. 
B) Centroblasts divide more slowly than centrocytes. 
C) Centroblasts express CD44 but centrocytes do not. 
D) Centrocytes,but not centroblasts,initiate the process of isotype switching. 
E) Centroblasts participate in affinity maturation.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true regarding the complement component C4B?

Accepted Answer

A) Deficiency of C4B is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SL
E) . 
B) C4B has similar properties to those of C4A. 
C) The thioester bond of C4B is preferentially acted upon by amino groups of macromolecules. 
D) C4B is encoded in the class II region of the MHC. 
E) The gene for C4B is duplicated or deleted in some individuals. 
A) Deficiency of C4B is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SL
E) . 
B) C4B has similar properties to those of C4A. 
C) The thioester bond of C4B is preferentially acted upon by amino groups of macromolecules. 
D) C4B is encoded in the class II region of the MHC. 
E) The gene for C4B is duplicated or deleted in some individuals.

Question 4

The primary focus of B-cell expansion forms in the _____,whereas a secondary focus of B-cell expansion creates the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) T-cell area; medullary cords 
B) medullary cords; T-cell area 
C) T-cell area; B-cell area 
D) medullary cords; germinal center 
E) light zone; dark zone. 
A) T-cell area; medullary cords 
B) medullary cords; T-cell area 
C) T-cell area; B-cell area 
D) medullary cords; germinal center 
E) light zone; dark zone.

Question 5

_____ occurs as a result of influenza virus binding to oligosaccharide components on erythrocyte surfaces causing them to clump together.

Accepted Answer

A) Passive immunization 
B) Opsonization 
C) Hemagglutination 
D) Neutralization 
E) Complement activation. 
A) Passive immunization 
B) Opsonization 
C) Hemagglutination 
D) Neutralization 
E) Complement activation.

Question 6

Which of the following individuals would be most susceptible to fulminant meningococcal disease or septic shock when infected with Neisseria meningitidis?

Accepted Answer

A) homozygous for allotype H131 of IgG2 
B) heterozygous for allotype H131 of IgG2 
C) homozygous for allotype R131 of IgG2 
D) heterozygous for allotype R131 of IgG2 
E) all of the above would be equally susceptible to infections with Neisseria meningitidis. 
A) homozygous for allotype H131 of IgG2 
B) heterozygous for allotype H131 of IgG2 
C) homozygous for allotype R131 of IgG2 
D) heterozygous for allotype R131 of IgG2 
E) all of the above would be equally susceptible to infections with Neisseria meningitidis.

Question 7

Some types of B-cell tumor have been treated with rituximab,an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody,which exerts its effect through a mechanism known as ______ involving the participation of NK cells.

Accepted Answer

A) degranulation 
B) neutralization 
C) opsonization 
D) antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytoxicity 
E) receptor-mediated endocytosis. 
A) degranulation 
B) neutralization 
C) opsonization 
D) antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytoxicity 
E) receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Question 8

Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs)are located on _____.

Accepted Answer

A) the cytoplasmic tails of IgM 
B) tyrosine kinases Blk,Fyn,and Lyn 
C) the cytoplasmic tails of Igα and Igβ 
D) breakdown products of C3b deposited on pathogen surfaces 
E) thymus-independent antigens. 
A) the cytoplasmic tails of IgM 
B) tyrosine kinases Blk,Fyn,and Lyn 
C) the cytoplasmic tails of Igα and Igβ 
D) breakdown products of C3b deposited on pathogen surfaces 
E) thymus-independent antigens.

Question 9

_____ is a mechanism that drives the preferential selection of immunoglobulins with the highest affinity for antigen.

Accepted Answer

A) Anergy 
B) Isotype-switching 
C) Affinity maturation 
D) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 
E) Transcytosis. 
A) Anergy 
B) Isotype-switching 
C) Affinity maturation 
D) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 
E) Transcytosis.

Question 10

Match between columns
                        Premises: CR2
BLIMP-1
Bcl-xL
CCP modules
CD40 ligand
ICAM-1
germinal center reaction
CD69

Accepted Answer

The Answer of early indicator of B-cell activation and repressor is...

Question 11

Naive B cells search for specific antigen displayed by follicular dendritic cells in primary follicles.Naive T cells,however,search for specific antigen presented by ______.

Accepted Answer

A) dendritic cells 
B) subcapsular sinus macrophages 
C) medullary sinus macrophages 
D) centrocytes 
E) tingible body macrophages. 
A) dendritic cells 
B) subcapsular sinus macrophages 
C) medullary sinus macrophages 
D) centrocytes 
E) tingible body macrophages.

Question 12

The FcαRI receptor binds to _____:antigen complexes and facilitates the phagocytosis of opsonized antigens.

Accepted Answer

A) dimeric IgA 
B) IgM 
C) IgE 
D) IgG 
E) monomeric IgA.
ANSWERS 
A) dimeric IgA 
B) IgM 
C) IgE 
D) IgG 
E) monomeric IgA.
ANSWERS

Question 13

A.What is the main effector function of IgM antibody?
B.Why is IgM efficient at (i)preventing blood-borne infections and (ii)fixing complement,but (iii)less efficient than other antibody classes in inducing phagocytosis of immune complexes?

Accepted Answer

A.The main effector function of IgM is c

Question 14

A.What is meant by the term "passive transfer of immunity," and how is it achieved? Give examples.
B.Give the isotype of the antibodies involved in (i)placental transfer and (ii)transfer into breast milk,and explain why these antibodies are important.
C.Do you think it is possible for a pregnant mother who has an autoimmune disease to transfer autoreactive antibodies to the developing fetus? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

A.Passive transfer of immunity refers to

Question 15

The B-cell co-receptor is composed of

Accepted Answer

A) Igα; Igβ; CD19 
B) Igα; Igβ; Lyn tyrosine kinase 
C) CR2 (CD21); CD19; CD81 
D) CD14; CD19; CD81 
E) CD40; MHC class II; CED19. 
A) Igα; Igβ; CD19 
B) Igα; Igβ; Lyn tyrosine kinase 
C) CR2 (CD21); CD19; CD81 
D) CD14; CD19; CD81 
E) CD40; MHC class II; CED19.

Question 16

Proliferating centroblasts use the DNA-modifying enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase for ________.(Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) cell proliferation 
B) somatic hypermutation 
C) apoptosis 
D) upregulation of CD40 
E) isotype switching. 
A) cell proliferation 
B) somatic hypermutation 
C) apoptosis 
D) upregulation of CD40 
E) isotype switching.

Question 17

The main function of Bcl-xL is to _____ in the centrocyte.

Accepted Answer

A) provide death signals 
B) induce somatic hypermutation 
C) upregulate the expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase 
D) prevent apoptosis 
E) induce isotype switching. 
A) provide death signals 
B) induce somatic hypermutation 
C) upregulate the expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase 
D) prevent apoptosis 
E) induce isotype switching.

Question 18

A.Explain how the poly-Ig receptor transports dimeric IgA antibodies across cellular barriers,and specify the type of cell barrier involved.
B.What are the final locations of the transported material?

Accepted Answer

A.Dimeric IgA is made in mucosa-associat

Question 19

Of the following,which group of children is the most vulnerable to infection?

Accepted Answer

A) babies born at term 
B) babies born prematurely 
C) infants of 3-6 months 
D) infants receiving first vaccination 
E) babies receiving formula and not breast milk. 
A) babies born at term 
B) babies born prematurely 
C) infants of 3-6 months 
D) infants receiving first vaccination 
E) babies receiving formula and not breast milk.

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic of follicular dendritic cells in the primary follicles of secondary lymphoid tissues? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) They are bone marrow derived hematopoietic cells. 
B) They provide a stable depository of intact antigens able to bind to B-cell receptors. 
C) They have a large surface area as a result of forming dendrites. 
D) They internalize immune complexes through CR2 receptor cross-linking. 
E) They produce cytokines that induce B cells to proliferate and become centroblasts. 
A) They are bone marrow derived hematopoietic cells. 
B) They provide a stable depository of intact antigens able to bind to B-cell receptors. 
C) They have a large surface area as a result of forming dendrites. 
D) They internalize immune complexes through CR2 receptor cross-linking. 
E) They produce cytokines that induce B cells to proliferate and become centroblasts.

Engulfment of apoptotic centrocytes is facilitated by _____ in germinal centers.

Which of the following is an accurate description of how centroblasts differ from centrocytes?

Which of the following statements is true regarding the complement component C4B?

The primary focus of B-cell expansion forms in the _,whereas a secondary focus of B-cell expansion creates the _.

_____ occurs as a result of influenza virus binding to oligosaccharide components on erythrocyte surfaces causing them to clump together.

Which of the following individuals would be most susceptible to fulminant meningococcal disease or septic shock when infected with Neisseria meningitidis?

Some types of B-cell tumor have been treated with rituximab,an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody,which exerts its effect through a mechanism known as ______ involving the participation of NK cells.

Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs)are located on _____.

_____ is a mechanism that drives the preferential selection of immunoglobulins with the highest affinity for antigen.

Naive B cells search for specific antigen displayed by follicular dendritic cells in primary follicles.Naive T cells,however,search for specific antigen presented by ______.

The FcαRI receptor binds to _____:antigen complexes and facilitates the phagocytosis of opsonized antigens.

A.What is the main effector function of IgM antibody? B.Why is IgM efficient at (i)preventing blood-borne infections and (ii)fixing complement,but (iii)less efficient than other antibody classes in inducing phagocytosis of immune complexes?

The B-cell co-receptor is composed of

Proliferating centroblasts use the DNA-modifying enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase for ________.(Select all that apply.)

The main function of Bcl-x_L is to _____ in the centrocyte.

A.Explain how the poly-Ig receptor transports dimeric IgA antibodies across cellular barriers,and specify the type of cell barrier involved. B.What are the final locations of the transported material?

Of the following,which group of children is the most vulnerable to infection?

Which of the following is a characteristic of follicular dendritic cells in the primary follicles of secondary lymphoid tissues? (Select all that apply.)

Elements of the Immune System and Their Roles in Defense

Innate Immunity: the Immediate Response to Infection

Innate Immunity: the Induced Response to Infection

Antibody Structure and the Generation of B-Cell Diversity

Antigen Recognition by T Lymphocytes

The Development of B Lymphocytes

The Development of T Lymphocytes

T Cell-Mediated Immunity

Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces

Immunological Memory and Vaccination

Coevolution of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Failures of the Bodys Defenses

Ige-Mediated Immunity and Allergy

Transplantation of Tissues and Organs

Disruption of Healthy Tissue by the Adaptive Immune Response

Cancer and Its Interactions With the Immune System

Filters

Exam 9: Immunity Mediated by B Cells and Antibodies

Engulfment of apoptotic centrocytes is facilitated by _____ in germinal centers.

Which of the following is an accurate description of how centroblasts differ from centrocytes?

Which of the following statements is true regarding the complement component C4B?

The primary focus of B-cell expansion forms in the _____,whereas a secondary focus of B-cell expansion creates the _____.

_____ occurs as a result of influenza virus binding to oligosaccharide components on erythrocyte surfaces causing them to clump together.

Which of the following individuals would be most susceptible to fulminant meningococcal disease or septic shock when infected with Neisseria meningitidis?

Some types of B-cell tumor have been treated with rituximab,an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody,which exerts its effect through a mechanism known as ______ involving the participation of NK cells.

Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs)are located on _____.

_____ is a mechanism that drives the preferential selection of immunoglobulins with the highest affinity for antigen.

Naive B cells search for specific antigen displayed by follicular dendritic cells in primary follicles.Naive T cells,however,search for specific antigen presented by ______.

The FcαRI receptor binds to _____:antigen complexes and facilitates the phagocytosis of opsonized antigens.

A.What is the main effector function of IgM antibody? B.Why is IgM efficient at (i)preventing blood-borne infections and (ii)fixing complement,but (iii)less efficient than other antibody classes in inducing phagocytosis of immune complexes?

The B-cell co-receptor is composed of

Proliferating centroblasts use the DNA-modifying enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase for ________.(Select all that apply.)

The main function of Bcl-xL is to _____ in the centrocyte.

A.Explain how the poly-Ig receptor transports dimeric IgA antibodies across cellular barriers,and specify the type of cell barrier involved. B.What are the final locations of the transported material?

Of the following,which group of children is the most vulnerable to infection?

Which of the following is a characteristic of follicular dendritic cells in the primary follicles of secondary lymphoid tissues? (Select all that apply.)

Elements of the Immune System and Their Roles in Defense

Innate Immunity: the Immediate Response to Infection

Innate Immunity: the Induced Response to Infection

Antibody Structure and the Generation of B-Cell Diversity

Antigen Recognition by T Lymphocytes

The Development of B Lymphocytes

The Development of T Lymphocytes

T Cell-Mediated Immunity

Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces

Immunological Memory and Vaccination

Coevolution of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Failures of the Bodys Defenses

Ige-Mediated Immunity and Allergy

Transplantation of Tissues and Organs

Disruption of Healthy Tissue by the Adaptive Immune Response

Cancer and Its Interactions With the Immune System

Filters

The primary focus of B-cell expansion forms in the _,whereas a secondary focus of B-cell expansion creates the _.

The main function of Bcl-x_L is to _____ in the centrocyte.