Question 1

When subjects critique social policy, they are particularly likely to use __________ as part of their claims.

Accepted Answer

A) evidence of organizational activity 
B) critiques of academic research 
C) anecdotal evidence 
D) comparisons to other troubling conditions 
E) all of the above 
A) evidence of organizational activity 
B) critiques of academic research 
C) anecdotal evidence 
D) comparisons to other troubling conditions 
E) all of the above C

Question 2

Typifying examples are examples that

Accepted Answer

A) detail the most common way a given situation occurs. 
B) offer a compelling account of the situation. 
C) offer multiple perspectives on an issue.d.represent the official or most commonly agreed on account of the situation. 
A) detail the most common way a given situation occurs. 
B) offer a compelling account of the situation. 
C) offer multiple perspectives on an issue.d.represent the official or most commonly agreed on account of the situation. B

Question 3

Why is evaluation research not typically used as the final word in determining the effectiveness of programs?

Accepted Answer

Evaluation research is a systematic approach to assessing the design, implementation, and outcomes of programs, particularly in the social sciences. It aims to determine the relevance, impact, and efficiency of a program. However, it is not typically used as the final word in determining the effectiveness of programs for several reasons:

1. Complexity of Social Programs: Social programs are often complex, with multiple components and factors influencing their outcomes. Evaluation research may not capture all the nuances and contextual variables that contribute to a program's effectiveness.

2. Methodological Challenges: Accurate evaluation requires rigorous methods and often experimental or quasi-experimental designs. However, in practice, it can be difficult to control for all variables or to use random assignment, which can lead to less definitive conclusions about a program's effectiveness.

3. Multiple Stakeholders: Programs often have a variety of stakeholders with different interests, priorities, and criteria for success. Evaluation research may not fully account for the diverse perspectives and values of these stakeholders, leading to disagreements about what constitutes effectiveness.

4. Change Over Time: The effectiveness of a program can change over time due to shifts in the target population, societal trends, or changes in the implementation of the program itself. Evaluation research provides a snapshot in time, which may not be representative of the program's long-term effectiveness.

5. Political and Funding Considerations: Decisions about programs are often influenced by political agendas and funding constraints. Evaluation research findings may be disregarded if they conflict with the interests of policymakers or funders.

6. Ethical and Practical Constraints: Sometimes, the most rigorous evaluation designs are not feasible or ethical to implement. For example, withholding a potentially beneficial program from a control group for the sake of research may not be acceptable.

7. Interpretation and Use of Findings: The findings from evaluation research can be subject to interpretation. Different stakeholders may interpret results in ways that support their own agendas. Moreover, the translation of research findings into practice is not always straightforward.

8. Limitations of Quantitative Measures: Evaluation research often relies on quantitative measures of success, which may not fully capture the qualitative aspects of program effectiveness, such as participant satisfaction or community impact.

9. Adaptability and Context: Programs that work well in one context may not be effective in another. Evaluation research conducted in one setting may not be generalizable to other settings, limiting its utility as the final word on a program's effectiveness.

For these reasons, evaluation research is best viewed as one of many tools to inform decision-making about programs. It provides valuable insights but should be considered alongside other forms of evidence, expert judgment, and the experiences of program participants and implementers.

Question 4

The complete success of any one social policy is unlikely because

Accepted Answer

A) policies are not typically left in place long enough to work. 
B) human errors make even the best plans imperfect. 
C) there are too many aspects of any one problem for all of them to be addressed by one policy. 
D) people are unlikely to agree on what constitutes success. 
E) all of the above 
A) policies are not typically left in place long enough to work. 
B) human errors make even the best plans imperfect. 
C) there are too many aspects of any one problem for all of them to be addressed by one policy. 
D) people are unlikely to agree on what constitutes success. 
E) all of the above

Question 5

Rival activists and experts are particularly likely to argue that a policy is

Accepted Answer

A) insufficient. 
B) excessive 
C) misguided. 
D) mismanaged. 
E) all of the above
F)b and c only 
A) insufficient. 
B) excessive 
C) misguided. 
D) mismanaged. 
E) all of the above
F)b and c only

Question 6

Shifts in the number of clients served by an agency are considered

Accepted Answer

A) alarming if the number goes up because this indicates that the agency is not reducing instances of the problem. 
B) positive if the number goes up because this means that the services provided are valuable and needed by the community. 
C) alarming if the number goes down because this means that there is no longer a need for services. 
D) positive if the number goes down because this indicates that the services are working and therefore needed. 
E) all of the above
F)a and d only 
A) alarming if the number goes up because this indicates that the agency is not reducing instances of the problem. 
B) positive if the number goes up because this means that the services provided are valuable and needed by the community. 
C) alarming if the number goes down because this means that there is no longer a need for services. 
D) positive if the number goes down because this indicates that the services are working and therefore needed. 
E) all of the above
F)a and d only

Question 7

Choose a policy designed to address a social problem. Briefly describe the policy and at least three categories of critiques applied to the policy. Be sure to state which of the categories of critiques in your text applies to each example.

Accepted Answer

One policy designed to address a social

Question 8

It is argued in your text that when there are many long-standing debates and predictable critiques surrounding a policy,

Accepted Answer

A) critics are seen as lacking objectivity. 
B) it is simply too confusing to sort out all the arguments. 
C) the policy is often abandoned because it is seen as too controversial. 
D) fast progress is made toward a solution because of the desire to resolve the debate. 
E) all of the above
F)b and c only 
A) critics are seen as lacking objectivity. 
B) it is simply too confusing to sort out all the arguments. 
C) the policy is often abandoned because it is seen as too controversial. 
D) fast progress is made toward a solution because of the desire to resolve the debate. 
E) all of the above
F)b and c only

Question 9

When subjects critique policies, the response is often

Accepted Answer

A) skepticism because subjects may have a bias in favor of social problems workers. 
B) acceptance because subjects have direct experience with the policy outcomes. 
C) skepticism because subjects are often poor or uneducated and are seen as unreliable sources. 
D) acceptance because subjects have an interest in seeing the programs operate efficiently. 
E) all of the above
F)a and c only 
A) skepticism because subjects may have a bias in favor of social problems workers. 
B) acceptance because subjects have direct experience with the policy outcomes. 
C) skepticism because subjects are often poor or uneducated and are seen as unreliable sources. 
D) acceptance because subjects have an interest in seeing the programs operate efficiently. 
E) all of the above
F)a and c only

Question 10

The term ideology can be used to refer to beliefs or values linked to

Accepted Answer

A) a political party. 
B) religious affiliations. 
C) professional affiliations. 
D) personal interests. 
E) all of the above
F)a and d only 
A) a political party. 
B) religious affiliations. 
C) professional affiliations. 
D) personal interests. 
E) all of the above
F)a and d only

Question 11

Which of the groups that typically evaluate social policy do you see as the most reliable and which do you see as the least reliable? Why?

Accepted Answer

The reliability of groups that evaluate

Question 12

The role of appellate courts in the social problems process is

Accepted Answer

A) large because courts can reject or modify policies that are well supported in other ways. 
B) large because courts create the policies. 
C) moderate because courts can rule on policies but are unlikely to strike down a popular policy. 
D) small because courts hear relatively few cases related to social problems. 
E) small because courts have little power to change a policy once it has been enacted. 
A) large because courts can reject or modify policies that are well supported in other ways. 
B) large because courts create the policies. 
C) moderate because courts can rule on policies but are unlikely to strike down a popular policy. 
D) small because courts hear relatively few cases related to social problems. 
E) small because courts have little power to change a policy once it has been enacted.

Question 13

__________ tend to make claims that certain policies have ironic consequences.

Accepted Answer

A) Liberals 
B) Conservatives 
C) Independents 
D) Libertarians 
E) all of the above 
A) Liberals 
B) Conservatives 
C) Independents 
D) Libertarians 
E) all of the above

Question 14

Those who critique a policy's outcomes on the basis that the original construction of the problem was wrong typically argue that the policy is

Accepted Answer

A) excessive. 
B) insufficient. 
C) misguided. 
D) elaborate. 
E) a and d only 
A) excessive. 
B) insufficient. 
C) misguided. 
D) elaborate. 
E) a and d only

Question 15

When social problems workers critique social policy, they are particularly likely to use __________ as part of their claims.

Accepted Answer

A) evidence of organizational activity 
B) critiques of academic research 
C) anecdotal evidence 
D) emotional pleas based on the hardships faced by workers 
E) all of the above 
A) evidence of organizational activity 
B) critiques of academic research 
C) anecdotal evidence 
D) emotional pleas based on the hardships faced by workers 
E) all of the above

Question 16

Most social policies are seen as

Accepted Answer

A) fairly successful once they have been implemented. 
B) having both successful and unsuccessful elements. 
C) being unsuccessful in the short term but having promise for the long term. 
D) unsatisfactory and revised or replaced quickly. 
E) temporary fixes while more research is conducted to determine more viable solutions. 
A) fairly successful once they have been implemented. 
B) having both successful and unsuccessful elements. 
C) being unsuccessful in the short term but having promise for the long term. 
D) unsatisfactory and revised or replaced quickly. 
E) temporary fixes while more research is conducted to determine more viable solutions.

Question 17

Critics typically argue that the solution to the vicious cycle created by policies with ironic consequences is

Accepted Answer

A) expanding the program that seeks to solve the social problem. 
B) ending attempts to correct the problem. 
C) formulating an entirely new approach to the problem. 
D) conducting research on the policies to find out how to fix them. 
E) all of the above 
A) expanding the program that seeks to solve the social problem. 
B) ending attempts to correct the problem. 
C) formulating an entirely new approach to the problem. 
D) conducting research on the policies to find out how to fix them. 
E) all of the above

Question 18

Liberals tend to construct the problem of teen sexuality as a need to encourage safe practices that avoid disease and unplanned pregnancy, while conservatives offer the counterclaim that

Accepted Answer

A) teens will have sex no matter what adults say. 
B) efforts to teach safe sex can actually encourage sexual activity. 
C) the real problem is drugs and alcohol. 
D) only parents should teach teens about sex. 
E) a and c only
F)all of the above 
A) teens will have sex no matter what adults say. 
B) efforts to teach safe sex can actually encourage sexual activity. 
C) the real problem is drugs and alcohol. 
D) only parents should teach teens about sex. 
E) a and c only
F)all of the above

Question 19

The use of a term such as social issues instead of the term social problems would

Accepted Answer

A) make the condition seem less serious. 
B) draw attention away from the causes of the condition. 
C) highlight the fact that there is debate surrounding the condition. 
D) lower the expectation that there is a solution. 
E) all of the above
F)c and d only 
A) make the condition seem less serious. 
B) draw attention away from the causes of the condition. 
C) highlight the fact that there is debate surrounding the condition. 
D) lower the expectation that there is a solution. 
E) all of the above
F)c and d only

Question 20

Evaluation research typically involves

Accepted Answer

A) outside observers. 
B) experiments. 
C) efforts to establish objective measures. 
D) treatment and control groups. 
E) all of the above
F)b and d only 
A) outside observers. 
B) experiments. 
C) efforts to establish objective measures. 
D) treatment and control groups. 
E) all of the above
F)b and d only

When subjects critique social policy, they are particularly likely to use __________ as part of their claims.

Typifying examples are examples that

Why is evaluation research not typically used as the final word in determining the effectiveness of programs?

The complete success of any one social policy is unlikely because

Rival activists and experts are particularly likely to argue that a policy is

Shifts in the number of clients served by an agency are considered

Choose a policy designed to address a social problem. Briefly describe the policy and at least three categories of critiques applied to the policy. Be sure to state which of the categories of critiques in your text applies to each example.

It is argued in your text that when there are many long-standing debates and predictable critiques surrounding a policy,

When subjects critique policies, the response is often

The term ideology can be used to refer to beliefs or values linked to

Which of the groups that typically evaluate social policy do you see as the most reliable and which do you see as the least reliable? Why?

The role of appellate courts in the social problems process is

__________ tend to make claims that certain policies have ironic consequences.

Those who critique a policy's outcomes on the basis that the original construction of the problem was wrong typically argue that the policy is

When social problems workers critique social policy, they are particularly likely to use __________ as part of their claims.

Most social policies are seen as

Critics typically argue that the solution to the vicious cycle created by policies with ironic consequences is

Liberals tend to construct the problem of teen sexuality as a need to encourage safe practices that avoid disease and unplanned pregnancy, while conservatives offer the counterclaim that

The use of a term such as social issues instead of the term social problems would

Evaluation research typically involves

The Social Problems Process

Claims

Activists As Claimsmakers

Experts As Claimsmakers

The Media and Claims

Public Reaction

Policymaking

Social Problems Work

Claims Across Space and Time

The Uses of the Constructionist Stance

Filters

Exam 9: Policy Outcomes

When subjects critique social policy, they are particularly likely to use __________ as part of their claims.

Typifying examples are examples that

Why is evaluation research not typically used as the final word in determining the effectiveness of programs?

The complete success of any one social policy is unlikely because

Rival activists and experts are particularly likely to argue that a policy is

Shifts in the number of clients served by an agency are considered

Choose a policy designed to address a social problem. Briefly describe the policy and at least three categories of critiques applied to the policy. Be sure to state which of the categories of critiques in your text applies to each example.

It is argued in your text that when there are many long-standing debates and predictable critiques surrounding a policy,

When subjects critique policies, the response is often

The term ideology can be used to refer to beliefs or values linked to

Which of the groups that typically evaluate social policy do you see as the most reliable and which do you see as the least reliable? Why?

The role of appellate courts in the social problems process is

__________ tend to make claims that certain policies have ironic consequences.

Those who critique a policy's outcomes on the basis that the original construction of the problem was wrong typically argue that the policy is

When social problems workers critique social policy, they are particularly likely to use __________ as part of their claims.

Most social policies are seen as

Critics typically argue that the solution to the vicious cycle created by policies with ironic consequences is

Liberals tend to construct the problem of teen sexuality as a need to encourage safe practices that avoid disease and unplanned pregnancy, while conservatives offer the counterclaim that

The use of a term such as social issues instead of the term social problems would

Evaluation research typically involves

The Social Problems Process

Claims

Activists As Claimsmakers

Experts As Claimsmakers

The Media and Claims

Public Reaction

Policymaking

Social Problems Work

Claims Across Space and Time

The Uses of the Constructionist Stance

Filters