Exam 2: How Psychologists Do Research

A psychologist is studying gender relationships in childhood and early adolescence. Students from each grade are separately observed during lunchtime at school in order to assess their seating preferences. The researcher is conducting a:

Dr. Parwa wants to know whether the first four years of life are critical for the development of social skills. He decides to study children who have been deprived of human social contact. The most appropriate way to explore this issue would be through using a(n):

In a(n) _______________ study, a researcher carefully and systematically watches and records behaviour, taking care to avoid affecting the subjects being studied.

____________ involve a formula for calculating the likelihood of a hypothesis being true and meaningful, taking into account relevant prior knowledge.

In a laboratory, smokers are asked to drive using a computerized driving simulator and cover the maximum distance possible, while avoiding rear-end collisions. Some volunteers are given a real cigarette to smoke immediately before the test. Others smoke a fake cigarette without nicotine. The number of collisions the two groups make is to be compared. In this study, the independent variable is:

A(n) _______________ allows a researcher to control and manipulate the situation being studied.

Marek believes that women are worse drivers than men. He always notices examples of poor female drivers, but ignores evidence to the contrary, such as poor male drivers or good female drivers. Marek's behaviour is an example of:

Dr. Sardonicus wants to know whether the first three years of life are critical for acquiring language. She decides to study a child who was tragically deprived of human language by her parents. This type of research is called a(n):

Juliette finds that the more she sleeps on the eve of an exam, the higher the score she gets for the exam. There is _______________ correlation between the amount Juliette sleeps and her exam scores.

An organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specified set of phenomena and their interrelationships is called a(n) _______________.

In a laboratory, smokers are asked to drive using a computerized driving simulator and cover the maximum distance possible, while avoiding rear-end collisions. Some volunteers are given a real cigarette to smoke immediately before the test. Others smoke a fake cigarette without nicotine. The number of collisions the two groups make is to be compared. The experimental group in this scenario consists of:

Scientists are expected to submit their results to professional journals, which then send the findings to experts for evaluation before publication. This process is called:

When Kim takes a personality test, she is told that the test is reliable; that is, it:

Shelayne is given a vocational-interest test and then takes a test, similar in format but with different questions, a week later. The test administrator wants to measure the _______________ of the test.

A psychological test is said to have criterion validity if:

Which of the following would be considered a good example of a representative sample of university students in Canada?

In the scientific use of the term, a theory is:

Which of the following is an advantage of case studies?

Psychologists follow a code of ethics that has been developed by the CPA. Explain the CPA code in regard to research with human participants.

A _______________ is an experiment in which neither the participants nor the individuals running the experiment know if a given participant is in the experimental or the control group until after the results are tallied.