Exam 14: Social Psychology

The tendency to explain our successes according to our personal abilities and attribute our failures to forces beyond our control is called the ________.

Researchers have found that we expect physically attractive people to be ________.

When Erika first met Bill, she found him to be very pleasant and likable. However, over the next few weeks she hears repeated stories of his rude and insensitive behavior toward others. In spite of that, she continues to view him as a nice person who is just "misunderstood." Her refusal to see that her initial impression of Bill was mistaken is most likely due to the ________.

A special kind of schema based on almost any distinguishing personal attribute is a ________.

Jean, who is Black, eats in a college cafeteria where she has never seen White and Black students sit at the same table. She has always had White and Black friends, but at school, she chooses not to sit with her White friends for meals. This prejudicial behavior is due to ________.

Mothers of more attractive infants tend to show their children ________ affection and to play with them ________ often than mothers of unattractive infants.

With the end of the Cold War, ________ has become the dominant form of war.

To the extent that a behavior occurs only when a particular event occurs, we tend to attribute the behavior to that event. This is an example of ________.

Compliance with a command is called conformity.

When pairs of participants played a competitive game, and researchers told one member of each pair that the other was either hostile or friendly, the players who were led to believe that their partner was hostile behaved ________.

In hospitals, premature infants rated as "attractive" by attending nurse's ________ and gained ________ weight than those judged as less attractive.

________ is an act taken toward one group that is unfair when compared with our behavior toward other groups.

Roberta is shy, but she falls in love with Sven, who is very outgoing. This illustrates the effect of ________.

People who solicit by telephone hoping to make a sale often start out by making a simple request or question to which you are likely to agree. This is an example of the ________ effect.

The most important factor in determining attraction is usually proximity.

Which of the following individuals is generally most likely to conform to group norms?

Many northern cities in the United States have experienced several waves of immigration, each wave depositing large numbers of people who soon began competing with already established groups for jobs. The theory that would best explain prejudice against the latest wave of immigrants in these terms would locate the origin of the prejudice in ________.

The tendency of people to comply with a second, lesser request after refusing a first, larger one is called the ________ effect.

Marie recently bought a stereo system that was promoted at an extremely low price by a national chain. However, she did not realize that the stereo came without many key components that are usually standard equipment. When she bought all of the usually standard parts, the stereo cost her more than its regular market price at other stores. She has been a victim of the ________ procedure.

Summarize the research on attitude change, identifying at least four factors that influence the effectiveness of efforts to change people's attitudes.