Question 1

In general,all cell signaling causes

Accepted Answer

A)  increased expression of genes. 
B)  an influx of ions. 
C)  protein kinase activity. 
D)  G protein activation. 
E)  a change in receptor conformation. 
A)  increased expression of genes. 
B)  an influx of ions. 
C)  protein kinase activity. 
D)  G protein activation. 
E)  a change in receptor conformation.

Question 2

When a severely dehydrated patient is brought to the hospital,an IV of normal saline is started immediately.Distilled water is not used because

Accepted Answer

A)  it would cause water to leave the cells of the patient and the cells would collapse. 
B)  nutrients are provided by the saline. 
C)  it would cause the patient's blood cells to swell and eventually burst. 
D)  normal saline is more economical. 
E)  the distilled water might be contaminated by bacteria. 
A)  it would cause water to leave the cells of the patient and the cells would collapse. 
B)  nutrients are provided by the saline. 
C)  it would cause the patient's blood cells to swell and eventually burst. 
D)  normal saline is more economical. 
E)  the distilled water might be contaminated by bacteria.

Question 3

In what way do ligand-receptor interactions differ from enzyme-substrate reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ligand signal is not usually metabolized into useful products. 
B)  Receptor-ligand interactions do not obey the laws of mass action. 
C)  Inhibitors never bind to the ligand-binding site. 
D)  Reversibility never occurs in ligand-receptor interactions. 
E)  Enzyme-substrate reactions and the ligand-receptor interactions do not differ. 
A)  The ligand signal is not usually metabolized into useful products. 
B)  Receptor-ligand interactions do not obey the laws of mass action. 
C)  Inhibitors never bind to the ligand-binding site. 
D)  Reversibility never occurs in ligand-receptor interactions. 
E)  Enzyme-substrate reactions and the ligand-receptor interactions do not differ.

Question 4

Increased synthesis of phosphodiesterase would lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased concentration of cyclic AMP. 
B)  increased concentration of cyclic AMP. 
C)  increased concentration of epinephrine. 
D)  decreased concentration of G proteins. 
E)  inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. 
A)  decreased concentration of cyclic AMP. 
B)  increased concentration of cyclic AMP. 
C)  increased concentration of epinephrine. 
D)  decreased concentration of G proteins. 
E)  inhibition of adenylyl cyclase.

Question 5

If a cell needs to acquire dissolved solutes continuously,which mechanism will most likely aid this process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osmosis 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Receptor-mediated endocytosis 
D)  Phagocytosis 
E)  Pinocytosis 
A)  Osmosis 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Receptor-mediated endocytosis 
D)  Phagocytosis 
E)  Pinocytosis

Question 6

Biological membranes are composed primarily of

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleotides and nucleosides. 
B)  enzymes,electron acceptors,and electron donors. 
C)  fatty acids. 
D)  monosaccharides. 
E)  lipids. 
A)  nucleotides and nucleosides. 
B)  enzymes,electron acceptors,and electron donors. 
C)  fatty acids. 
D)  monosaccharides. 
E)  lipids.

Question 7

Which of the following is not one of the functional roles of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Allowing movement of molecules that otherwise would be excluded by the lipid components of the membrane 
B)  Transferring signals from outside the cell to inside the cell 
C)  Facilitating the movement of water across the membrane 
D)  Facilitating the transport of macromolecules across the membrane 
E)  Stabilizing the lipid bilayer 
A)  Allowing movement of molecules that otherwise would be excluded by the lipid components of the membrane 
B)  Transferring signals from outside the cell to inside the cell 
C)  Facilitating the movement of water across the membrane 
D)  Facilitating the transport of macromolecules across the membrane 
E)  Stabilizing the lipid bilayer

Question 8

Osmosis moves water from a region of _______ to a region of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  high concentration of dissolved material;low concentration of dissolved material 
B)  low concentration of dissolved material;high concentration of dissolved material 
C)  hypertonic solution;hypotonic solution 
D)  hypertonic solution;isotonic solution 
E)  low concentration of water;high concentration of water 
A)  high concentration of dissolved material;low concentration of dissolved material 
B)  low concentration of dissolved material;high concentration of dissolved material 
C)  hypertonic solution;hypotonic solution 
D)  hypertonic solution;isotonic solution 
E)  low concentration of water;high concentration of water

Question 9

Amino acids enter cells against their concentration gradients by means of

Accepted Answer

A)  simple diffusion. 
B)  facilitated diffusion. 
C)  primary active transport. 
D)  secondary active transport. 
E)  osmosis. 
A)  simple diffusion. 
B)  facilitated diffusion. 
C)  primary active transport. 
D)  secondary active transport. 
E)  osmosis.

Question 10

When placed in water,wilted plants lose their limpness because of

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport of salts from the water into the plant cells. 
B)  active transport of salts into the water from the plant cells. 
C)  osmosis of water into the plant cells. 
D)  osmosis of water from the plant cells. 
E)  diffusion of water from the plant cells. 
A)  active transport of salts from the water into the plant cells. 
B)  active transport of salts into the water from the plant cells. 
C)  osmosis of water into the plant cells. 
D)  osmosis of water from the plant cells. 
E)  diffusion of water from the plant cells.

Question 11

Which statement about acetylcholine is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It binds to a sodium channel receptor. 
B)  It acts as a neurotransmitter. 
C)  When bound to its receptor,it allows sodium to diffuse down its concentration gradient. 
D)  It binds to receptors on skeletal muscle cells. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  It binds to a sodium channel receptor. 
B)  It acts as a neurotransmitter. 
C)  When bound to its receptor,it allows sodium to diffuse down its concentration gradient. 
D)  It binds to receptors on skeletal muscle cells. 
E)  All of the above

Question 12

Biological membranes are composed of a continuous phospholipid bilayer in which proteins are embedded.This general design is known as the _______ model.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Biological membranes are composed of a continuous...

Question 13

What is the membrane property that helps ensure the diffusion of glucose into a cell that has a high energy need?

Accepted Answer

A)  A glucose pump 
B)  Specific carrier proteins found only in large muscle cells 
C)  A high number of carrier proteins specific for glucose 
D)  Special sensitivity to an extracellular environment high in glucose 
E)  Additional pores through which water can flow,carrying dissolved glucose 
A)  A glucose pump 
B)  Specific carrier proteins found only in large muscle cells 
C)  A high number of carrier proteins specific for glucose 
D)  Special sensitivity to an extracellular environment high in glucose 
E)  Additional pores through which water can flow,carrying dissolved glucose

Question 14

A characteristic of plasma membranes that helps them fuse during vesicle formation and phagocytosis is the

Accepted Answer

A)  ratio of one protein molecule for every 25 phospholipid molecules. 
B)  capacity of lipids to associate and maintain a bilayer organization. 
C)  constant length of the fatty acid chain and the degree of saturation. 
D)  ability of phospholipid molecules to flip over and trade places with other phospholipid molecules. 
E)  asymmetrical distribution of membrane transport proteins. 
A)  ratio of one protein molecule for every 25 phospholipid molecules. 
B)  capacity of lipids to associate and maintain a bilayer organization. 
C)  constant length of the fatty acid chain and the degree of saturation. 
D)  ability of phospholipid molecules to flip over and trade places with other phospholipid molecules. 
E)  asymmetrical distribution of membrane transport proteins.

Question 15

Vitamin A is a relatively small,lipid-soluble molecule that can behave as a hormone.Most likely its receptor

Accepted Answer

A)  is an ion channel receptor. 
B)  is a protein kinase receptor. 
C)  involves a G protein. 
D)  is not connected to the cell membrane. 
E)  highly vulnerable to antagonists. 
A)  is an ion channel receptor. 
B)  is a protein kinase receptor. 
C)  involves a G protein. 
D)  is not connected to the cell membrane. 
E)  highly vulnerable to antagonists.

Exam 5: Cell Membranes and Signaling

In general,all cell signaling causes

When a severely dehydrated patient is brought to the hospital,an IV of normal saline is started immediately.Distilled water is not used because

In what way do ligand-receptor interactions differ from enzyme-substrate reactions?

Increased synthesis of phosphodiesterase would lead to

If a cell needs to acquire dissolved solutes continuously,which mechanism will most likely aid this process?

Biological membranes are composed primarily of

Which of the following is not one of the functional roles of membrane proteins?

Osmosis moves water from a region of _______ to a region of _______.

Amino acids enter cells against their concentration gradients by means of

When placed in water,wilted plants lose their limpness because of

Which statement about acetylcholine is true?

Biological membranes are composed of a continuous phospholipid bilayer in which proteins are embedded.This general design is known as the _______ model.

What is the membrane property that helps ensure the diffusion of glucose into a cell that has a high energy need?

A characteristic of plasma membranes that helps them fuse during vesicle formation and phagocytosis is the

Vitamin A is a relatively small,lipid-soluble molecule that can behave as a hormone.Most likely its receptor

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

Osmosis moves water from a region of _ to a region of _.