Question 1

Which molecular model best describes the structure of the DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Single-stranded,with varying shapes 
B)  Straight and antiparallel 
C)  Triple-stranded,with varying shapes 
D)  Helical,double-stranded,and parallel 
E)  Helical,double-stranded,and antiparallel 
A)  Single-stranded,with varying shapes 
B)  Straight and antiparallel 
C)  Triple-stranded,with varying shapes 
D)  Helical,double-stranded,and parallel 
E)  Helical,double-stranded,and antiparallel

Question 2

What local effect would an RNA synthesis inhibitor have on DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primase would not be able to add bases to the DNA. 
B)  Primase would not be able to use DNA as a template. 
C)  Primase would be blocked from joining the holoenzyme complex. 
D)  Primase would not be able to provide primers for DNA polymerases. 
E)  There would be no effect on DNA replication. 
A)  Primase would not be able to add bases to the DNA. 
B)  Primase would not be able to use DNA as a template. 
C)  Primase would be blocked from joining the holoenzyme complex. 
D)  Primase would not be able to provide primers for DNA polymerases. 
E)  There would be no effect on DNA replication.

Question 3

Human germline mutations are often considered more worrisome than somatic ones because germline mutations

Accepted Answer

A)  have phenotypic effects,whereas somatic mutations do not. 
B)  affect more nucleotides than somatic mutations do. 
C)  are transitions,whereas somatic mutations are transversions. 
D)  are transmitted to offspring,whereas somatic mutations are not. 
E)  occur more frequently than somatic mutations. 
A)  have phenotypic effects,whereas somatic mutations do not. 
B)  affect more nucleotides than somatic mutations do. 
C)  are transitions,whereas somatic mutations are transversions. 
D)  are transmitted to offspring,whereas somatic mutations are not. 
E)  occur more frequently than somatic mutations.

Question 4

The energy necessary for making a DNA molecule comes directly from

Accepted Answer

A)  sugar. 
B)  ATP. 
C)  the formation of phosphate ions. 
D)  NADPH. 
E)  NADH. 
A)  sugar. 
B)  ATP. 
C)  the formation of phosphate ions. 
D)  NADPH. 
E)  NADH.

Question 5

A strand of DNA with the sequence 5'-ATTCCG-3'would have a complementary strand with the sequence

Accepted Answer

A)  5'-TAAGGC-3'. 
B)  5'-ATTCCG-3'. 
C)  5'-ACCTTA-3'. 
D)  5'-CGGAAT-3'. 
E)  5'-GCCTTA-3'. 
A)  5'-TAAGGC-3'. 
B)  5'-ATTCCG-3'. 
C)  5'-ACCTTA-3'. 
D)  5'-CGGAAT-3'. 
E)  5'-GCCTTA-3'.

Question 6

A single hair is found at the scene of a crime.Which technology would you use first to determine if the hair could have come from a certain suspect?

Accepted Answer

A)  PCR 
B)  DNA sequencing 
C)  Fragment cloning 
D)  Probing 
E)  Antisense RNA 
A)  PCR 
B)  DNA sequencing 
C)  Fragment cloning 
D)  Probing 
E)  Antisense RNA

Question 7

Damage to DNA can be caused by _______ absorbed by thymine in DNA,causing interbase covalent bonds.

Accepted Answer

A)  X-ray radiation 
B)  cosmic radiation 
C)  ultraviolet radiation 
D)  free radicals 
E)  cigarette smoke 
A)  X-ray radiation 
B)  cosmic radiation 
C)  ultraviolet radiation 
D)  free radicals 
E)  cigarette smoke

Question 8

Double-stranded DNA looks like a ladder that has been twisted into a helix,or spiral.The side supports of the ladder are

Accepted Answer

A)  individual nitrogenous bases. 
B)  alternating bases and sugars. 
C)  alternating bases and phosphate groups. 
D)  alternating sugars and phosphates. 
E)  alternating bases,sugars,and phosphates. 
A)  individual nitrogenous bases. 
B)  alternating bases and sugars. 
C)  alternating bases and phosphate groups. 
D)  alternating sugars and phosphates. 
E)  alternating bases,sugars,and phosphates.

Question 9

What accounts for the uniform diameter of the DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  The two sides of the molecule are held together by hydrogen bonds. 
B)  The alternating sugar and phosphate backbone coils around the outside of the helix. 
C)  One side of the molecule has an unconnected 5' phosphate group,and the opposite end has an unconnected 3'hydroxyl group. 
D)  The 3' carbon of one deoxyribose and the 5' carbon of another deoxyribose bond together. 
E)  A purine always bonds with a pyrimidine. 
A)  The two sides of the molecule are held together by hydrogen bonds. 
B)  The alternating sugar and phosphate backbone coils around the outside of the helix. 
C)  One side of the molecule has an unconnected 5' phosphate group,and the opposite end has an unconnected 3'hydroxyl group. 
D)  The 3' carbon of one deoxyribose and the 5' carbon of another deoxyribose bond together. 
E)  A purine always bonds with a pyrimidine.

Question 10

A medical researcher finds a high incidence of covalent bonds between thymine and other nucleotides in the DNA of skin cells of a patient.The most likely cause is

Accepted Answer

A)  exposure to cigarette smoke. 
B)  a defective DNA polymerase. 
C)  nitrous oxide exposure. 
D)  exposure to UV radiation. 
E)  unknown;these bonds likely formed spontaneously. 
A)  exposure to cigarette smoke. 
B)  a defective DNA polymerase. 
C)  nitrous oxide exposure. 
D)  exposure to UV radiation. 
E)  unknown;these bonds likely formed spontaneously.

Question 11

DNA production during PCR can be calculated by the rule of 2n,where n equals the number of rounds of amplification.Approximately how many rounds of PCR are required to produce a billion DNA molecules from a single molecule,assuming that the PCR works perfectly?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 
B)  20 
C)  30 
D)  100 
E)  1,000 
A)  10 
B)  20 
C)  30 
D)  100 
E)  1,000

Question 12

Which type of DNA repair system can repair errors in single-stranded DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Excision 
B)  Mismatch 
C)  Proofreading 
D)  Telomerase 
E)  No existing system 
A)  Excision 
B)  Mismatch 
C)  Proofreading 
D)  Telomerase 
E)  No existing system

Question 13

Chargaff's rule states that

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA must be replicated before a cell can divide. 
B)  viruses enter cells without their protein coat. 
C)  only protein from the infecting phage can also be detected in progeny phage. 
D)  only nucleic acids enter the cell during infection. 
E)  the amount of cytosine equals the amount of guanine. 
A)  DNA must be replicated before a cell can divide. 
B)  viruses enter cells without their protein coat. 
C)  only protein from the infecting phage can also be detected in progeny phage. 
D)  only nucleic acids enter the cell during infection. 
E)  the amount of cytosine equals the amount of guanine.

Question 14

Which statement concerning somatic mutations or germline mutations is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Somatic mutations occur during sex cell formation. 
B)  Germline mutations occur during mitosis. 
C)  Somatic mutations are passed on to sexually produced offspring. 
D)  Germline mutations are passed on to gametes. 
E)  Germline mutations are always lethal. 
A)  Somatic mutations occur during sex cell formation. 
B)  Germline mutations occur during mitosis. 
C)  Somatic mutations are passed on to sexually produced offspring. 
D)  Germline mutations are passed on to gametes. 
E)  Germline mutations are always lethal.

Exam 9: DNA and Its Role in Heredity

Which molecular model best describes the structure of the DNA molecule?

What local effect would an RNA synthesis inhibitor have on DNA replication?

Human germline mutations are often considered more worrisome than somatic ones because germline mutations

The energy necessary for making a DNA molecule comes directly from

A strand of DNA with the sequence 5'-ATTCCG-3'would have a complementary strand with the sequence

A single hair is found at the scene of a crime.Which technology would you use first to determine if the hair could have come from a certain suspect?

Damage to DNA can be caused by _______ absorbed by thymine in DNA,causing interbase covalent bonds.

Double-stranded DNA looks like a ladder that has been twisted into a helix,or spiral.The side supports of the ladder are

What accounts for the uniform diameter of the DNA molecule?

A medical researcher finds a high incidence of covalent bonds between thymine and other nucleotides in the DNA of skin cells of a patient.The most likely cause is

DNA production during PCR can be calculated by the rule of 2n,where n equals the number of rounds of amplification.Approximately how many rounds of PCR are required to produce a billion DNA molecules from a single molecule,assuming that the PCR works perfectly?

Which type of DNA repair system can repair errors in single-stranded DNA?

Chargaff's rule states that

Which statement concerning somatic mutations or germline mutations is true?

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

DNA production during PCR can be calculated by the rule of 2ⁿ,where n equals the number of rounds of amplification.Approximately how many rounds of PCR are required to produce a billion DNA molecules from a single molecule,assuming that the PCR works perfectly?