Question 1

Nucleosomes disaggregate and reaggregate

Accepted Answer

A)  through alternative splicing. 
B)  through the attachment of ubiquitin. 
C)  through the alternation of nucleotides. 
D)  by acetylation and deacetylation. 
E)  through the insertion of nucleotides. 
A)  through alternative splicing. 
B)  through the attachment of ubiquitin. 
C)  through the alternation of nucleotides. 
D)  by acetylation and deacetylation. 
E)  through the insertion of nucleotides.

Question 2

MicroRNAs were first discovered in

Accepted Answer

A)  insects. 
B)  bacteria. 
C)  yeast. 
D)  mammals. 
E)  worms. 
A)  insects. 
B)  bacteria. 
C)  yeast. 
D)  mammals. 
E)  worms.

Question 3

Which statement about TFIID is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the first transcription factor to bind to the TATA box. 
B)  Its shape changes after it binds to the TATA box. 
C)  Its binding to DNA changes the shape of the DNA. 
D)  It attracts other transcription factors to the transcription initiation complex. 
E)  It must bind RNA polymerase II before binding to the TATA box. 
A)  It is the first transcription factor to bind to the TATA box. 
B)  Its shape changes after it binds to the TATA box. 
C)  Its binding to DNA changes the shape of the DNA. 
D)  It attracts other transcription factors to the transcription initiation complex. 
E)  It must bind RNA polymerase II before binding to the TATA box.

Question 4

A transcription factor is a _______ that binds to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein;DNA 
B)  protein;RNA 
C)  promoter;a protein 
D)  gene;DNA 
E)  gene;RNA 
A)  protein;DNA 
B)  protein;RNA 
C)  promoter;a protein 
D)  gene;DNA 
E)  gene;RNA

Question 5

The lac operon of E.coli consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  a promoter and an operator. 
B)  an operator and three structural genes. 
C)  three structural genes and a promoter. 
D)  a promoter,an operator,and three structural genes. 
E)  a promoter,a director,and two structural genes. 
A)  a promoter and an operator. 
B)  an operator and three structural genes. 
C)  three structural genes and a promoter. 
D)  a promoter,an operator,and three structural genes. 
E)  a promoter,a director,and two structural genes.

Question 6

In eukaryotic cells,a negative regulator or silencer

Accepted Answer

A)  is made of DNA. 
B)  binds to the enhancer region to block transcription. 
C)  is located both upstream and downstream from the promoter. 
D)  binds to the operator to block RNA polymerase. 
E)  binds to a repressor protein to reduce transcription rates. 
A)  is made of DNA. 
B)  binds to the enhancer region to block transcription. 
C)  is located both upstream and downstream from the promoter. 
D)  binds to the operator to block RNA polymerase. 
E)  binds to a repressor protein to reduce transcription rates.

Question 7

The prokaryotic gene zest5 produces a hypothetical enzyme and is regulated along with other genes that produce other enzymes in the pathway.From the information given,we can conclude that zest5 is a(n)_______ gene.

Accepted Answer

A)  inducible 
B)  repressible 
C)  structural 
D)  regulatory 
E)  Both a and c 
A)  inducible 
B)  repressible 
C)  structural 
D)  regulatory 
E)  Both a and c

Question 8

The TATA box is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  activator sequence necessary for proper translation. 
B)  general transcription factor. 
C)  enhancer consensus sequence. 
D)  sequence close to the promoter region of many genes. 
E)  repressor sequence. 
A)  activator sequence necessary for proper translation. 
B)  general transcription factor. 
C)  enhancer consensus sequence. 
D)  sequence close to the promoter region of many genes. 
E)  repressor sequence.

Question 9

The expression of some genes can be regulated in part by the pattern of alternative splicing.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA methylation. 
B)  transcriptional regulation. 
C)  catalytic RNA activity. 
D)  posttranscriptional control. 
E)  the endosymbiotic theory. 
A)  DNA methylation. 
B)  transcriptional regulation. 
C)  catalytic RNA activity. 
D)  posttranscriptional control. 
E)  the endosymbiotic theory.

Question 10

Which gene described below is most likely regulated at the posttranscriptional level?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gene A,which shows a strong positive correlation between the amount of mRNA produced and the amount of protein produced 
B)  Gene B,which shows no clear correlation between the amount of mRNA produced and the amount of protein produced 
C)  Gene C,which lies near the heterochromatin 
D)  Gene D,which has more than a typical number of CpG islands 
E)  Gene E,which has fewer than a typical number of CpG islands 
A)  Gene A,which shows a strong positive correlation between the amount of mRNA produced and the amount of protein produced 
B)  Gene B,which shows no clear correlation between the amount of mRNA produced and the amount of protein produced 
C)  Gene C,which lies near the heterochromatin 
D)  Gene D,which has more than a typical number of CpG islands 
E)  Gene E,which has fewer than a typical number of CpG islands

Question 11

Translation can be regulated by means of

Accepted Answer

A)  microRNA. 
B)  deacetylation. 
C)  modification of the 5'cap. 
D)  transcription factors. 
E)  signal sequences. 
A)  microRNA. 
B)  deacetylation. 
C)  modification of the 5'cap. 
D)  transcription factors. 
E)  signal sequences.

Question 12

If a mutation in a silencer makes it much more difficult for it to be bound by proteins,what is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  A specific gene near the silencer will be transcribed all the time,even when it is not needed. 
B)  There will be a large decrease in transcription rates for most genes. 
C)  There will be a large increase in transcription rates for most genes. 
D)  The rate of transcription of a specific gene located near the silencer will be reduced,even when it is needed the most. 
E)  Transcription will be terminated prematurely. 
A)  A specific gene near the silencer will be transcribed all the time,even when it is not needed. 
B)  There will be a large decrease in transcription rates for most genes. 
C)  There will be a large increase in transcription rates for most genes. 
D)  The rate of transcription of a specific gene located near the silencer will be reduced,even when it is needed the most. 
E)  Transcription will be terminated prematurely.

Question 13

The most efficient means of regulating protein synthesis in bacteria usually is by

Accepted Answer

A)  selective blocking of transcription. 
B)  translation of the mRNA. 
C)  inhibition of the protein. 
D)  degradation of the protein. 
E)  transcription of the gene. 
A)  selective blocking of transcription. 
B)  translation of the mRNA. 
C)  inhibition of the protein. 
D)  degradation of the protein. 
E)  transcription of the gene.

Question 14

Human males with Kleinfelter's syndrome have two X chromosomes (they are XXY).One of the X chromosomes is usually silenced in a process similar to the process that inactivates one copy of X in each cell of XX females.Therefore,a Kleinfelter's male has _______ Barr body(ies),because _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  no;Barr bodies do not form in males 
B)  one;the Barr body is the active X chromosome 
C)  one;the Barr body is the inactive X chromosome 
D)  two;these males have two X chromosomes 
E)  three;these males have three sex chromosomes 
A)  no;Barr bodies do not form in males 
B)  one;the Barr body is the active X chromosome 
C)  one;the Barr body is the inactive X chromosome 
D)  two;these males have two X chromosomes 
E)  three;these males have three sex chromosomes

Question 15

Transcription of eukaryotic genes requires the

Accepted Answer

A)  binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter. 
B)  binding of only one transcription factor. 
C)  capping of mRNA. 
D)  addition of a poly-A tail to mRNA. 
E)  blocking of the TATA box by a repressor. 
A)  binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter. 
B)  binding of only one transcription factor. 
C)  capping of mRNA. 
D)  addition of a poly-A tail to mRNA. 
E)  blocking of the TATA box by a repressor.

Question 16

Which enzyme is required to bring lactose into E.coli cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  $\beta$-Galactoside permease 
B)  $\beta$-Galactoside transferase 
C)  $\beta$-Galactoside transacetylase 
D)  $\beta$-Galactosidase 
E)  Lactase 
A)  $\beta$-Galactoside permease 
B)  $\beta$-Galactoside transferase 
C)  $\beta$-Galactoside transacetylase 
D)  $\beta$-Galactosidase 
E)  Lactase

Question 17

Which of the following is least likely to be observed in a nonmutant bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Presence of $\beta$-galactoside transacetylase at a high concentration when $\beta$-galactoside is present at a low concentration 
B)  Production of $\beta$-galactoside transacetylase at very low levels in the absence of lactose 
C)  Production of $\beta$-galactoside transacetylase at very low levels when glucose is abundant 
D)  Production of $\beta$-galactoside transacetylase at high levels when lactose is at a high concentration and glucose is not available 
E)  Presence of both $\beta$-galactoside transacetylase and $\beta$-galactoside in very low concentrations 
A)  Presence of $\beta$-galactoside transacetylase at a high concentration when $\beta$-galactoside is present at a low concentration 
B)  Production of $\beta$-galactoside transacetylase at very low levels in the absence of lactose 
C)  Production of $\beta$-galactoside transacetylase at very low levels when glucose is abundant 
D)  Production of $\beta$-galactoside transacetylase at high levels when lactose is at a high concentration and glucose is not available 
E)  Presence of both $\beta$-galactoside transacetylase and $\beta$-galactoside in very low concentrations

Question 18

The activity of _______ tends to lead to increased transcription.

Accepted Answer

A)  histone deacetylase 
B)  maintenance methylase 
C)  DNA methyltransferase 
D)  histone acetyltransferase 
E)  RNA polymerase 
A)  histone deacetylase 
B)  maintenance methylase 
C)  DNA methyltransferase 
D)  histone acetyltransferase 
E)  RNA polymerase

Question 19

In Drosophila and many other insects,the regions near the centromeres of most chromosomes are largely heterochromatin.These regions,therefore,are likely to be _______ methylated and to have _______ gene activity.

Accepted Answer

A)  heavily;low to no 
B)  heavily;high 
C)  lightly;high 
D)  variably;high 
E)  lightly;low 
A)  heavily;low to no 
B)  heavily;high 
C)  lightly;high 
D)  variably;high 
E)  lightly;low

Question 20

Viruses

Accepted Answer

A)  arise from preexisting viruses. 
B)  replicate their DNA before they reproduce. 
C)  develop and reproduce only within the cells of hosts. 
D)  cannot replicate themselves. 
E)  replicate themselves by division,just as cells do. 
A)  arise from preexisting viruses. 
B)  replicate their DNA before they reproduce. 
C)  develop and reproduce only within the cells of hosts. 
D)  cannot replicate themselves. 
E)  replicate themselves by division,just as cells do.

Exam 11: Regulation of Gene Expression

Nucleosomes disaggregate and reaggregate

MicroRNAs were first discovered in

Which statement about TFIID is false?

A transcription factor is a _______ that binds to _______.

The lac operon of E.coli consists of

In eukaryotic cells,a negative regulator or silencer

The prokaryotic gene zest5 produces a hypothetical enzyme and is regulated along with other genes that produce other enzymes in the pathway.From the information given,we can conclude that zest5 is a(n)_______ gene.

The TATA box is a(n)

The expression of some genes can be regulated in part by the pattern of alternative splicing.This is an example of

Which gene described below is most likely regulated at the posttranscriptional level?

Translation can be regulated by means of

If a mutation in a silencer makes it much more difficult for it to be bound by proteins,what is most likely to occur?

The most efficient means of regulating protein synthesis in bacteria usually is by

Human males with Kleinfelter's syndrome have two X chromosomes (they are XXY).One of the X chromosomes is usually silenced in a process similar to the process that inactivates one copy of X in each cell of XX females.Therefore,a Kleinfelter's male has _______ Barr body(ies),because _______.

Transcription of eukaryotic genes requires the

Which enzyme is required to bring lactose into E.coli cells?

Which of the following is least likely to be observed in a nonmutant bacterial cell?

The activity of _______ tends to lead to increased transcription.

In Drosophila and many other insects,the regions near the centromeres of most chromosomes are largely heterochromatin.These regions,therefore,are likely to be _______ methylated and to have _______ gene activity.

Viruses

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

A transcription factor is a _ that binds to _.

Human males with Kleinfelter's syndrome have two X chromosomes (they are XXY).One of the X chromosomes is usually silenced in a process similar to the process that inactivates one copy of X in each cell of XX females.Therefore,a Kleinfelter's male has _ Barr body(ies),because _.

In Drosophila and many other insects,the regions near the centromeres of most chromosomes are largely heterochromatin.These regions,therefore,are likely to be _ methylated and to have _ gene activity.