Question 1

In regulatory systems,the phenomenon of negative feedback

Accepted Answer

A)  is the least common type of feedback mechanism. 
B)  stimulates a return to set point. 
C)  amplifies a response. 
D)  disrupts homeostasis. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  is the least common type of feedback mechanism. 
B)  stimulates a return to set point. 
C)  amplifies a response. 
D)  disrupts homeostasis. 
E)  None of the above

Question 2

Homeostasis refers to the tendency of particular components of the internal environment to remain

Accepted Answer

A)  matched to the external environment. 
B)  the same relative to one another. 
C)  in a relatively steady state over time. 
D)  under the control of the brain. 
E)  at the same specific temperature. 
A)  matched to the external environment. 
B)  the same relative to one another. 
C)  in a relatively steady state over time. 
D)  under the control of the brain. 
E)  at the same specific temperature.

Question 3

Mammals that live on land show an impressive range of sizes.An adult shrew may weigh around _______ g,whereas an adult elephant can weigh_______ kg.

Accepted Answer

A)  2;20 
B)  20;5,000 
C)  0.02;200 
D)  5;2,000 
E)  500;5,000 
A)  2;20 
B)  20;5,000 
C)  0.02;200 
D)  5;2,000 
E)  500;5,000

Question 4

Mammalian hibernation

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs when animals run out of metabolic fuel. 
B)  is a regulated decrease in body temperature. 
C)  is a form of positive feedback. 
D)  is equally likely to occur at any time of year. 
E)  lasts for several months,during which time body temperature remains close to the environmental temperature. 
A)  occurs when animals run out of metabolic fuel. 
B)  is a regulated decrease in body temperature. 
C)  is a form of positive feedback. 
D)  is equally likely to occur at any time of year. 
E)  lasts for several months,during which time body temperature remains close to the environmental temperature.

Question 5

The temperature of the first cool breeze of autumn would feel warm in the middle of winter because

Accepted Answer

A)  day length influences one's sensation of temperature. 
B)  winter breezes are weaker than those in autumn. 
C)  nerve cells of the skin die off during winter. 
D)  we acclimatize to temperature. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  day length influences one's sensation of temperature. 
B)  winter breezes are weaker than those in autumn. 
C)  nerve cells of the skin die off during winter. 
D)  we acclimatize to temperature. 
E)  None of the above

Question 6

The hypothalamus serves in part as an integrated thermoregulatory center defining an organism's response to changes in its thermal environment.Because the hypothalamus normally serves to produce metabolic responses that reverse the direction of environmental temperature change,the control it exerts is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  positive feedback. 
B)  metabolic compensation. 
C)  negative feedback. 
D)  feedforward control. 
E)  the effector. 
A)  positive feedback. 
B)  metabolic compensation. 
C)  negative feedback. 
D)  feedforward control. 
E)  the effector.

Question 7

Organisms that depend largely on external sources of heat to maintain body temperature are called

Accepted Answer

A)  homeotherms. 
B)  endotherms. 
C)  heterotherms. 
D)  poikilotherms. 
E)  mesotherms. 
A)  homeotherms. 
B)  endotherms. 
C)  heterotherms. 
D)  poikilotherms. 
E)  mesotherms.

Question 8

In response to a 10°C rise in environmental temperature,a regulator's body temperature will

Accepted Answer

A)  rise at a constant rate. 
B)  fall at a constant rate. 
C)  fall to a point and then become stable. 
D)  rise to a point and then become stable. 
E)  remain relatively constant. 
A)  rise at a constant rate. 
B)  fall at a constant rate. 
C)  fall to a point and then become stable. 
D)  rise to a point and then become stable. 
E)  remain relatively constant.

Question 9

Use the following to answer questions :
The way in which the velocity of an airplane is controlled can be thought of as an analogy for a negative-feedback control system in an organism.Suppose an airline pilot sets an aircraft's engines to produce a velocity of 450 mph,and measures that speed using an instrument on the outside of the plane.When another pilot reports turbulence ahead,the first pilot uses the throttle to change the velocity set point to 350 mph.
-According to this analogy,the instrument on the outside of the plane is providing

Accepted Answer

A)  an error signal. 
B)  a set point. 
C)  an effector. 
D)  feedback. 
E)  homeostasis. 
A)  an error signal. 
B)  a set point. 
C)  an effector. 
D)  feedback. 
E)  homeostasis.

Question 10

Which statement about the thermoregulatory set point in mammals is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The set point for shivering is the same as the set point for panting. 
B)  In a given individual,the set points for all thermoregulatory processes are the same. 
C)  The set points for thermoregulatory processes are the same for all members of the same species. 
D)  Several weeks' worth of changes in environmental temperature can change the metabolic set point. 
E)  The temperature of the hypothalamus serves as a positive-feedback signal. 
A)  The set point for shivering is the same as the set point for panting. 
B)  In a given individual,the set points for all thermoregulatory processes are the same. 
C)  The set points for thermoregulatory processes are the same for all members of the same species. 
D)  Several weeks' worth of changes in environmental temperature can change the metabolic set point. 
E)  The temperature of the hypothalamus serves as a positive-feedback signal.

Question 11

What is the probable metabolic response of a mammal exposed to an environmental temperature that fluctuates 3°-5°C between the upper and the lower limits of the thermoneutral zone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased metabolic rate 
B)  Decreased metabolic rate 
C)  No change in metabolic rate 
D)  Death 
E)  Both b and d 
A)  Increased metabolic rate 
B)  Decreased metabolic rate 
C)  No change in metabolic rate 
D)  Death 
E)  Both b and d

Question 12

Readjustment of the metabolic rate of an ectotherm,such as a fish,to compensate for seasonal thermal change is caused by the production of

Accepted Answer

A)  fluorescent pigments that generate heat as a byproduct. 
B)  pyrogens. 
C)  inducible enzymes. 
D)  countercurrent exchangers. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  fluorescent pigments that generate heat as a byproduct. 
B)  pyrogens. 
C)  inducible enzymes. 
D)  countercurrent exchangers. 
E)  None of the above

Question 13

Which function is not a function of epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Separating fluids 
B)  Secreting hormones 
C)  Absorbing nutrients 
D)  Providing sensory information 
E)  Producing blood cells 
A)  Separating fluids 
B)  Secreting hormones 
C)  Absorbing nutrients 
D)  Providing sensory information 
E)  Producing blood cells

Question 14

Organisms that use inorganic energy to combine atoms or molecules into their own organic food molecules are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Organisms that use inorganic energy to combine...

Question 15

Suppose that the rate of a particular biological function at 15°C is X.If the Q10 of that function at 25°C is _______,the rate at 25ºC is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  1;X 
B)  1;25 
C)  2;X 
D)  3;2X 
E)  3;30 
A)  1;X 
B)  1;25 
C)  2;X 
D)  3;2X 
E)  3;30

Question 16

If the Q10 of the metabolic rate of an animal is 2,then

Accepted Answer

A)  the animal is better acclimatized to a cold environment than it would be if its Q10 were 3. 
B)  the animal is an ectotherm. 
C)  the animal consumes half as much oxygen per hour at 20°C as it does at 30°C. 
D)  the animal's metabolic rate is not at basal levels. 
E)  the animal produces twice as much heat at 20°C as it does at 30°C. 
A)  the animal is better acclimatized to a cold environment than it would be if its Q10 were 3. 
B)  the animal is an ectotherm. 
C)  the animal consumes half as much oxygen per hour at 20°C as it does at 30°C. 
D)  the animal's metabolic rate is not at basal levels. 
E)  the animal produces twice as much heat at 20°C as it does at 30°C.

Question 17

Which statement about brown adipose tissue is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It contains abundant mitochondria. 
B)  It provides the most energy for shivering. 
C)  It allows metabolic fuels to be consumed without producing ATP. 
D)  It has a rich supply of blood vessels. 
E)  It is more abundant in hibernating animals. 
A)  It contains abundant mitochondria. 
B)  It provides the most energy for shivering. 
C)  It allows metabolic fuels to be consumed without producing ATP. 
D)  It has a rich supply of blood vessels. 
E)  It is more abundant in hibernating animals.

Question 18

Which of the following does not describe the limits of the thermoneutral zone in a homeotherm?

Accepted Answer

A)  The range of environmental temperatures at which minimal levels of energy are spent on thermoregulation 
B)  The range of environmental temperatures over which an organism exhibits a basal metabolic rate 
C)  The range of body temperatures at which the metabolic rate is maximum 
D)  The range of environmental temperatures over which an organism's metabolic rate does not increase for thermoregulation 
E)  The range of external temperatures over which an animal's metabolic rate is minimal 
A)  The range of environmental temperatures at which minimal levels of energy are spent on thermoregulation 
B)  The range of environmental temperatures over which an organism exhibits a basal metabolic rate 
C)  The range of body temperatures at which the metabolic rate is maximum 
D)  The range of environmental temperatures over which an organism's metabolic rate does not increase for thermoregulation 
E)  The range of external temperatures over which an animal's metabolic rate is minimal

Question 19

Picture a group of each of the following types of animals,in which the combined weight of the group is roughly the same (i.e. ,1 horse weighs 1,000 kg = 10 humans together weigh 1,000 kg = 10,000 flying squirrels together weigh 1,000 kg,etc. ).Which group will collectively require the most food?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pygmy mice (average individual weight of 0.01 kg) 
B)  Flying squirrels (average individual weight of 0.1 kg) 
C)  Marmots (average individual weight of 5 kg) 
D)  Humans (average individual weight of 100 kg) 
E)  Horse (average individual weight of 1,000 kg) 
A)  Pygmy mice (average individual weight of 0.01 kg) 
B)  Flying squirrels (average individual weight of 0.1 kg) 
C)  Marmots (average individual weight of 5 kg) 
D)  Humans (average individual weight of 100 kg) 
E)  Horse (average individual weight of 1,000 kg)

Question 20

Which type of tissue is responsible for secreting digestive enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Connective 
B)  Epithelial 
C)  Matrix 
D)  Muscle 
E)  Nervous 
A)  Connective 
B)  Epithelial 
C)  Matrix 
D)  Muscle 
E)  Nervous

Exam 29: Fundamentals of Animal Function

In regulatory systems,the phenomenon of negative feedback

Homeostasis refers to the tendency of particular components of the internal environment to remain

Mammals that live on land show an impressive range of sizes.An adult shrew may weigh around _______ g,whereas an adult elephant can weigh_______ kg.

Mammalian hibernation

The temperature of the first cool breeze of autumn would feel warm in the middle of winter because

Organisms that depend largely on external sources of heat to maintain body temperature are called

In response to a 10°C rise in environmental temperature,a regulator's body temperature will

Which statement about the thermoregulatory set point in mammals is true?

What is the probable metabolic response of a mammal exposed to an environmental temperature that fluctuates 3°-5°C between the upper and the lower limits of the thermoneutral zone?

Readjustment of the metabolic rate of an ectotherm,such as a fish,to compensate for seasonal thermal change is caused by the production of

Which function is not a function of epithelial cells?

Organisms that use inorganic energy to combine atoms or molecules into their own organic food molecules are called _______.

Suppose that the rate of a particular biological function at 15°C is X.If the Q10 of that function at 25°C is _______,the rate at 25ºC is _______.

If the Q10 of the metabolic rate of an animal is 2,then

Which statement about brown adipose tissue is false?

Which of the following does not describe the limits of the thermoneutral zone in a homeotherm?

Picture a group of each of the following types of animals,in which the combined weight of the group is roughly the same (i.e. ,1 horse weighs 1,000 kg = 10 humans together weigh 1,000 kg = 10,000 flying squirrels together weigh 1,000 kg,etc. ).Which group will collectively require the most food?

Which type of tissue is responsible for secreting digestive enzymes?

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

Mammals that live on land show an impressive range of sizes.An adult shrew may weigh around _ g,whereas an adult elephant can weigh_ kg.

Suppose that the rate of a particular biological function at 15°C is X.If the Q₁₀ of that function at 25°C is _,the rate at 25ºC is _.

If the Q₁₀ of the metabolic rate of an animal is 2,then