Question 1

Many vitamins

Accepted Answer

A)  function as coenzymes. 
B)  are used to digest foods. 
C)  are used as an energy source. 
D)  are stored as lipids. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  function as coenzymes. 
B)  are used to digest foods. 
C)  are used as an energy source. 
D)  are stored as lipids. 
E)  All of the above

Question 2

Certain amino acids are called essential amino acids because they

Accepted Answer

A)  are all required for making any protein. 
B)  cannot be made from other amino acids and must be obtained from food. 
C)  are universally needed by all animals. 
D)  are essential as an energy source. 
E)  are required for making nucleic acids. 
A)  are all required for making any protein. 
B)  cannot be made from other amino acids and must be obtained from food. 
C)  are universally needed by all animals. 
D)  are essential as an energy source. 
E)  are required for making nucleic acids.

Question 3

A person who is diagnosed with anemia due to a vitamin deficiency but eats liver regularly most likely has a vitamin deficiency in

Accepted Answer

A)  pantothenic acid. 
B)  biotin. 
C)  vitamin B12 (cobalamin). 
D)  vitamin E (tocopherol). 
E)  folic acid. 
A)  pantothenic acid. 
B)  biotin. 
C)  vitamin B12 (cobalamin). 
D)  vitamin E (tocopherol). 
E)  folic acid.

Question 4

Which statement about gastrin is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It stimulates secretion of pepsin. 
B)  It stimulates secretion of HCl. 
C)  Its release is stimulated by low pH. 
D)  It increases motility in the stomach. 
E)  It travels through the blood to each part of the stomach. 
A)  It stimulates secretion of pepsin. 
B)  It stimulates secretion of HCl. 
C)  Its release is stimulated by low pH. 
D)  It increases motility in the stomach. 
E)  It travels through the blood to each part of the stomach.

Question 5

Ruminant animals,such as goats and cows,

Accepted Answer

A)  produce enzymes in their intestines that break down cellulose. 
B)  are primarily carnivorous. 
C)  have a four-chambered stomach that provides a large surface area for better nutrient absorption. 
D)  produce hydrogen dioxide,an important greenhouse gas. 
E)  obtain much of their nitrogen from the digestion of microorganisms. 
A)  produce enzymes in their intestines that break down cellulose. 
B)  are primarily carnivorous. 
C)  have a four-chambered stomach that provides a large surface area for better nutrient absorption. 
D)  produce hydrogen dioxide,an important greenhouse gas. 
E)  obtain much of their nitrogen from the digestion of microorganisms.

Question 6

The vertebrate gut could be considered analogous to a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  assembly line building cars. 
B)  junkyard,where pieces of cars are removed one by one. 
C)  cornfield capturing sunlight to form carbohydrates. 
D)  migrating herd of wildebeest. 
E)  chef combining ingredients to produce a meal. 
A)  assembly line building cars. 
B)  junkyard,where pieces of cars are removed one by one. 
C)  cornfield capturing sunlight to form carbohydrates. 
D)  migrating herd of wildebeest. 
E)  chef combining ingredients to produce a meal.

Question 7

A small penguin and an enormous baleen whale both feed on shrimp-like krill,yet only the whale is considered a suspension feeder.Which of the following can most likely explain this distinction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Penguins feed on krill when the krill are attached to the bottom of an ice sheet,rather than suspended in the water. 
B)  Baleen whales eat the penguins that have eaten the krill. 
C)  Penguins hunt krill by sight catching them one at a time;baleen whales collect huge numbers of krill at once. 
D)  Penguins and baleen whales feed on krill at different times of year. 
E)  Penguins use their beak to catch the krill;baleen whales use their teeth. 
A)  Penguins feed on krill when the krill are attached to the bottom of an ice sheet,rather than suspended in the water. 
B)  Baleen whales eat the penguins that have eaten the krill. 
C)  Penguins hunt krill by sight catching them one at a time;baleen whales collect huge numbers of krill at once. 
D)  Penguins and baleen whales feed on krill at different times of year. 
E)  Penguins use their beak to catch the krill;baleen whales use their teeth.

Question 8

Which statement about energy storage in animals is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbohydrates are stored in the form of the simple sugar glucose. 
B)  Lipid is not an important form of stored energy. 
C)  Lipid has the lowest energy content per gram. 
D)  Protein is the most important energy storage component. 
E)  The total glycogen stores are heavy because glycogen is stored with a lot of water bound to its molecules. 
A)  Carbohydrates are stored in the form of the simple sugar glucose. 
B)  Lipid is not an important form of stored energy. 
C)  Lipid has the lowest energy content per gram. 
D)  Protein is the most important energy storage component. 
E)  The total glycogen stores are heavy because glycogen is stored with a lot of water bound to its molecules.

Question 9

Sailors on long sea voyages often were supplied with limes to avoid the ascorbic acid deficiency called

Accepted Answer

A)  beriberi. 
B)  kwashiorkor. 
C)  pellagra. 
D)  scurvy. 
E)  rickets. 
A)  beriberi. 
B)  kwashiorkor. 
C)  pellagra. 
D)  scurvy. 
E)  rickets.

Question 10

The nutritional deficiency disease beriberi is caused by an inadequate supply of the water-soluble vitamin

Accepted Answer

A)  B1 (thiamin). 
B)  B2 (riboflavin). 
C)  B12 (cobalamin). 
D)  folic acid. 
E)  C (ascorbic acid). 
A)  B1 (thiamin). 
B)  B2 (riboflavin). 
C)  B12 (cobalamin). 
D)  folic acid. 
E)  C (ascorbic acid).

Question 11

Primates should eat citrus fruit to prevent scurvy,which is due to a deficiency in

Accepted Answer

A)  ascorbic acid. 
B)  thiamin. 
C)  calciferol. 
D)  niacin. 
E)  biotin. 
A)  ascorbic acid. 
B)  thiamin. 
C)  calciferol. 
D)  niacin. 
E)  biotin.

Question 12

A suspension feeder acquires food items by

Accepted Answer

A)  extracting particles suspended in water. 
B)  restraining prey by means of claws and jaws. 
C)  ingesting mud and extracting particles. 
D)  filtering food substances from blood. 
E)  restraining prey with poison. 
A)  extracting particles suspended in water. 
B)  restraining prey by means of claws and jaws. 
C)  ingesting mud and extracting particles. 
D)  filtering food substances from blood. 
E)  restraining prey with poison.

Question 13

The sweetness that you taste if you keep chewing a piece of bread is due to the action of the enzyme

Accepted Answer

A)  maltase. 
B)  sucrase. 
C)  lactase. 
D)  amylase. 
E)  pepsin. 
A)  maltase. 
B)  sucrase. 
C)  lactase. 
D)  amylase. 
E)  pepsin.

Question 14

Which structure does not serve to increase surface area to aid nutrient absorption?

Accepted Answer

A)  A human's intestinal villus 
B)  A human's intestinal microvillus 
C)  An earthworm's infolding of the intestinal wall 
D)  A bile molecule 
E)  A bird's crop 
A)  A human's intestinal villus 
B)  A human's intestinal microvillus 
C)  An earthworm's infolding of the intestinal wall 
D)  A bile molecule 
E)  A bird's crop

Question 15

Which layer in the vertebrate gut can constrict the gut lumen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Circular muscle layer 
B)  Mucosal layer 
C)  Submucosal layer 
D)  Longitudinal muscle layer 
E)  Peritoneal layer 
A)  Circular muscle layer 
B)  Mucosal layer 
C)  Submucosal layer 
D)  Longitudinal muscle layer 
E)  Peritoneal layer

Question 16

Bile aids in the breakdown of lipids by

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrolyzing lipids. 
B)  activating hydrolytic enzymes. 
C)  aggregating droplets of lipids. 
D)  emulsifying lipids. 
E)  making lipids fat-soluble. 
A)  hydrolyzing lipids. 
B)  activating hydrolytic enzymes. 
C)  aggregating droplets of lipids. 
D)  emulsifying lipids. 
E)  making lipids fat-soluble.

Question 17

Which region of the digestive tract of a ruminant is comparable to our stomach?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cecum 
B)  Reticulum 
C)  Rumen 
D)  Omasum 
E)  Abomasum 
A)  Cecum 
B)  Reticulum 
C)  Rumen 
D)  Omasum 
E)  Abomasum

Question 18

Pepsinogen is converted into pepsin by

Accepted Answer

A)  low pH. 
B)  a strong base. 
C)  enterokinase. 
D)  trypsinogen. 
E)  amylase from the salivary glands. 
A)  low pH. 
B)  a strong base. 
C)  enterokinase. 
D)  trypsinogen. 
E)  amylase from the salivary glands.

Question 19

A lipase is an enzyme that breaks down

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  nucleic acids. 
C)  proteins. 
D)  lipids. 
E)  fatty acids. 
A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  nucleic acids. 
C)  proteins. 
D)  lipids. 
E)  fatty acids.

Question 20

A strictly vegetarian diet with no vitamin B12 supplements can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  beriberi. 
B)  pellagra. 
C)  pernicious anemia. 
D)  scurvy. 
E)  night blindness. 
A)  beriberi. 
B)  pellagra. 
C)  pernicious anemia. 
D)  scurvy. 
E)  night blindness.

Exam 30: Nutrition and Digestion

Many vitamins

Certain amino acids are called essential amino acids because they

A person who is diagnosed with anemia due to a vitamin deficiency but eats liver regularly most likely has a vitamin deficiency in

Which statement about gastrin is false?

Ruminant animals,such as goats and cows,

The vertebrate gut could be considered analogous to a(n)

A small penguin and an enormous baleen whale both feed on shrimp-like krill,yet only the whale is considered a suspension feeder.Which of the following can most likely explain this distinction?

Which statement about energy storage in animals is true?

Sailors on long sea voyages often were supplied with limes to avoid the ascorbic acid deficiency called

The nutritional deficiency disease beriberi is caused by an inadequate supply of the water-soluble vitamin

Primates should eat citrus fruit to prevent scurvy,which is due to a deficiency in

A suspension feeder acquires food items by

The sweetness that you taste if you keep chewing a piece of bread is due to the action of the enzyme

Which structure does not serve to increase surface area to aid nutrient absorption?

Which layer in the vertebrate gut can constrict the gut lumen?

Bile aids in the breakdown of lipids by

Which region of the digestive tract of a ruminant is comparable to our stomach?

Pepsinogen is converted into pepsin by

A lipase is an enzyme that breaks down

A strictly vegetarian diet with no vitamin B12 supplements can lead to

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

A strictly vegetarian diet with no vitamin B₁₂ supplements can lead to