Exam 40: Animal Behavior

A bird that uses the position of a star to guide its way to a desired location

Suppose a female dog has two litters: the first developed when the mother had little food,while the second developed when food was abundant.Both litters had the same father and were reared in similar environments.The offspring of the first litter are much more fearful than their counterparts in the second litter.What is the most likely explanation for the difference between the two litters?

A bird is trained to seek food on the western side of a cage open to the sky.It is then placed in a chamber with a controlled light cycle so that its circadian rhythm becomes phase-delayed by 6 hours (i.e. ,its circadian rhythm is 6 hours behind real time).When it is returned to the open cage at noon in real time,where will it search for food?