Question 1

Which sequence represents the correct size ranking of the compartments of global freshwater,from largest to smallest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Living organisms $\rightarrow$ surface freshwater $\rightarrow$ ice/snow 
B)  Living organisms $\rightarrow$ ice/snow $\rightarrow$ surface freshwater 
C)  Ice/snow $\rightarrow$ surface freshwater $\rightarrow$ living organisms 
D)  Ice/snow $\rightarrow$living organisms $\rightarrow$ surface freshwater 
E)  Surface freshwater $\rightarrow$ ice/snow $\rightarrow$ living organisms 
A)  Living organisms $\rightarrow$ surface freshwater $\rightarrow$ ice/snow 
B)  Living organisms $\rightarrow$ ice/snow $\rightarrow$ surface freshwater 
C)  Ice/snow $\rightarrow$ surface freshwater $\rightarrow$ living organisms 
D)  Ice/snow $\rightarrow$living organisms $\rightarrow$ surface freshwater 
E)  Surface freshwater $\rightarrow$ ice/snow $\rightarrow$ living organisms

Question 2

Which of these regions of Earth is not part of the biosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mantle 
B)  Lower atmosphere 
C)  Soil and sediments 
D)  Photic zone of the ocean 
E)  Abyssal zone of the ocean 
A)  Mantle 
B)  Lower atmosphere 
C)  Soil and sediments 
D)  Photic zone of the ocean 
E)  Abyssal zone of the ocean

Question 3

Runoff of high- nitrogen substances,such as fertilizer or sewage,can lead to the process of _______ in water bodies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Runoff of high- nitrogen substances,such as fertilizer...

Question 4

How are warming temperatures likely to affect species ranges?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most species will be able to move into any habitat. 
B)  Most species will move to higher latitudes and elevations. 
C)  Most species will move to lower latitudes and elevations. 
D)  Most species will remain in the same habitats and adapt to changes. 
E)  Most species will be unable to change their ranges and will go extinct. 
A)  Most species will be able to move into any habitat. 
B)  Most species will move to higher latitudes and elevations. 
C)  Most species will move to lower latitudes and elevations. 
D)  Most species will remain in the same habitats and adapt to changes. 
E)  Most species will be unable to change their ranges and will go extinct.

Question 5

Two effects of global climate change are increases in global temperature and precipitation (with variations based on latitude and other factors)and more severe storms.Which of these two effects is likely to cause the most serious and long-term changes in species and communities,and why?

Accepted Answer

The slower,continuous build-up of change

Question 6

Some fluxes of water through compartments of the water cycle are driven by the sun's energy,which causes water to change states,from solid to liquid to gas (vapor).Other fluxes are driven by which force?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gravity 
B)  Electricity 
C)  Osmosis 
D)  Nuclear energy 
E)  Geological energy 
A)  Gravity 
B)  Electricity 
C)  Osmosis 
D)  Nuclear energy 
E)  Geological energy

Question 7

Refer to the diagram below.What is the most likely explanation for the extremely rapid increase in levels of all three greenhouse gases,beginning in the 1800s?

Accepted Answer

This was approximately the beginning of

Question 8

Most plants lack symbiotic nitrogen-fixing microorganisms.An addition of nitrogen gas to these plants would

Accepted Answer

A)  increase growth rate by providing additional nutrients. 
B)  decrease growth rate by interfering with photosynthesis. 
C)  accelerate metabolic rate by stimulating oxygen uptake. 
D)  have no effect,because plants cannot use nitrogen gas. 
E)  have no effect,because plants do not require nitrogen. 
A)  increase growth rate by providing additional nutrients. 
B)  decrease growth rate by interfering with photosynthesis. 
C)  accelerate metabolic rate by stimulating oxygen uptake. 
D)  have no effect,because plants cannot use nitrogen gas. 
E)  have no effect,because plants do not require nitrogen.

Question 9

The flux of CO2 into and out of its atmospheric compartment is not balanced;more CO2 is entering the pool than is leaving it.This means that the overall size of the CO2 pool in the atmosphere is _______.

Accepted Answer

Question 10

What is the fate of the greatest percentage of photons of solar energy reaching Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are reflected back into space by clouds. 
B)  They are reflected back into space by atmospheric gases. 
C)  They are reflected back into space after hitting Earth's surface. 
D)  They are absorbed by Earth's surface and warm the Earth. 
E)  They are absorbed by Earth's surface and reflected back into space. 
A)  They are reflected back into space by clouds. 
B)  They are reflected back into space by atmospheric gases. 
C)  They are reflected back into space after hitting Earth's surface. 
D)  They are absorbed by Earth's surface and warm the Earth. 
E)  They are absorbed by Earth's surface and reflected back into space.

Question 11

Freshwater marshes along the southeastern coast of the United States are more productive than nearby estuaries and ocean waters at the same latitude.This higher productivity is most likely due to high availability of _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Freshwater marshes along the southeastern coast of...

Question 12

Carbon dioxide,water,methane,and nitrous oxide are all examples of _______,which absorb infrared radiation (heat)and keep it in the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carbon dioxide,water,methane,and nitrous oxide are all examples...

Question 13

The Keeling curve has provided more than fifty years of data on changing levels of atmospheric CO2.Explain how this growing body of data has affected our understanding of climate change and describe how it has led to human cooperation in the field of climate change.
Answer Key

Accepted Answer

The Keeling curve showed,for the first t

Question 14

The first time scientists hypothesized that changes in CO2 concentrations could cause climatic changes by trapping heat in the lower atmosphere was

Accepted Answer

A)  before the U.S.Civil War. 
B)  around the time of World War I. 
C)  around the time of World War II. 
D)  during the 1950s. 
E)  during the 1970s. 
A)  before the U.S.Civil War. 
B)  around the time of World War I. 
C)  around the time of World War II. 
D)  during the 1950s. 
E)  during the 1970s.

Question 15

The nutrient phosphorus,which is stored in rocks,is _______ to organisms in biogeochemical cycles until it undergoes a physical or chemical process,such as weathering.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nutrient phosphorus,which is stored in rocks,is...

Question 16

How do scientists expect communities to change as global temperatures continue to increase?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nearly all communities will fail to adapt and their species will go extinct. 
B)  Some species will move to higher latitudes and elevations and others will not,resulting in changed species compositions in many communities. 
C)  Some communities will adapt and remain in the same locations;others will go extinct. 
D)  All species in a community will move as a group to higher latitudes and elevations,resulting in the same communities in different locations. 
E)  Nearly all communities will adapt and their species will remain in the same locations. 
A)  Nearly all communities will fail to adapt and their species will go extinct. 
B)  Some species will move to higher latitudes and elevations and others will not,resulting in changed species compositions in many communities. 
C)  Some communities will adapt and remain in the same locations;others will go extinct. 
D)  All species in a community will move as a group to higher latitudes and elevations,resulting in the same communities in different locations. 
E)  Nearly all communities will adapt and their species will remain in the same locations.

Question 17

The pool of a phosphorus compartment is 645 units.Two fluxes enter the pool: one is 13 units per day;the other is 34 units per day.Two fluxes leave: one is 22 units per day;the other rate is unknown.If the pool of phosphorus is balanced,the size of the second outgoing flux is _______ units per day.

Accepted Answer

A)  12 
B)  25 
C)  47 
D)  72 
E)  645 
A)  12 
B)  25 
C)  47 
D)  72 
E)  645

Question 18

The only group of organisms capable of obtaining carbon from the atmosphere are the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The only group of organisms capable of...

Question 19

A large river that empties into a bay receives raw sewage (with high levels of nitrogen)from many cities and towns along its length.In some places,it also receives fertilizer runoff from surrounding farms.Explain the process that will occur in the bay if these high nitrogen inputs continue unabated.

Accepted Answer

The excess nitrogen will lead to eutroph

Question 20

Organisms remove nitrogen from the biosphere and return it to the atmosphere through the process of _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Organisms remove nitrogen from the biosphere and...

Exam 45: The Global Ecosystem

Which sequence represents the correct size ranking of the compartments of global freshwater,from largest to smallest?

Which of these regions of Earth is not part of the biosphere?

Runoff of high- nitrogen substances,such as fertilizer or sewage,can lead to the process of _______ in water bodies.

How are warming temperatures likely to affect species ranges?

Two effects of global climate change are increases in global temperature and precipitation (with variations based on latitude and other factors)and more severe storms.Which of these two effects is likely to cause the most serious and long-term changes in species and communities,and why?

Some fluxes of water through compartments of the water cycle are driven by the sun's energy,which causes water to change states,from solid to liquid to gas (vapor).Other fluxes are driven by which force?

Refer to the diagram below.What is the most likely explanation for the extremely rapid increase in levels of all three greenhouse gases,beginning in the 1800s?

Most plants lack symbiotic nitrogen-fixing microorganisms.An addition of nitrogen gas to these plants would

The flux of CO2 into and out of its atmospheric compartment is not balanced;more CO2 is entering the pool than is leaving it.This means that the overall size of the CO2 pool in the atmosphere is _______.

What is the fate of the greatest percentage of photons of solar energy reaching Earth?

Freshwater marshes along the southeastern coast of the United States are more productive than nearby estuaries and ocean waters at the same latitude.This higher productivity is most likely due to high availability of _______.

Carbon dioxide,water,methane,and nitrous oxide are all examples of _______,which absorb infrared radiation (heat)and keep it in the atmosphere.

The Keeling curve has provided more than fifty years of data on changing levels of atmospheric CO2.Explain how this growing body of data has affected our understanding of climate change and describe how it has led to human cooperation in the field of climate change. Answer Key

The first time scientists hypothesized that changes in CO2 concentrations could cause climatic changes by trapping heat in the lower atmosphere was

The nutrient phosphorus,which is stored in rocks,is _______ to organisms in biogeochemical cycles until it undergoes a physical or chemical process,such as weathering.

How do scientists expect communities to change as global temperatures continue to increase?

The pool of a phosphorus compartment is 645 units.Two fluxes enter the pool: one is 13 units per day;the other is 34 units per day.Two fluxes leave: one is 22 units per day;the other rate is unknown.If the pool of phosphorus is balanced,the size of the second outgoing flux is _______ units per day.

The only group of organisms capable of obtaining carbon from the atmosphere are the _______.

Organisms remove nitrogen from the biosphere and return it to the atmosphere through the process of _______.

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

Filters

The flux of CO₂ into and out of its atmospheric compartment is not balanced;more CO₂ is entering the pool than is leaving it.This means that the overall size of the CO₂ pool in the atmosphere is _______.

The Keeling curve has provided more than fifty years of data on changing levels of atmospheric CO₂.Explain how this growing body of data has affected our understanding of climate change and describe how it has led to human cooperation in the field of climate change. Answer Key

The first time scientists hypothesized that changes in CO₂ concentrations could cause climatic changes by trapping heat in the lower atmosphere was