Question 1

Which of the following is one of the ways in which conditioned taste aversions are NOT like other forms of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) Conditioned taste aversions do not require a CS. 
B) Conditioned taste aversions only last one or two days. 
C) The CS and US can be separated by several hours. 
D) The subject does not have to respond to develop a taste aversion. 
A) Conditioned taste aversions do not require a CS. 
B) Conditioned taste aversions only last one or two days. 
C) The CS and US can be separated by several hours. 
D) The subject does not have to respond to develop a taste aversion.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) Giving children candy for completing their homework. 
B) Removing a child's chores when they complete their homework. 
C) Ending class 10 minutes early if students work hard during class. 
D) Taking away privileges if a child does not follow classroom rules. 
A) Giving children candy for completing their homework. 
B) Removing a child's chores when they complete their homework. 
C) Ending class 10 minutes early if students work hard during class. 
D) Taking away privileges if a child does not follow classroom rules.

Question 3

Why are heroin users more likely to overdose when they inject heroin at a place other than their usual location?

Accepted Answer

A) Heroin users tend to inject a larger dose in new locations because they get excited. 
B) Heroin users tend to employ 'safer' practices when using in their usual location. 
C) Heroin users find drug use more thrilling and,thus,more rewarding in new locations. 
D) Cues that normally trigger a conditioned response are missing in a new location. 
A) Heroin users tend to inject a larger dose in new locations because they get excited. 
B) Heroin users tend to employ 'safer' practices when using in their usual location. 
C) Heroin users find drug use more thrilling and,thus,more rewarding in new locations. 
D) Cues that normally trigger a conditioned response are missing in a new location.

Question 4

Five-year-old Samantha is watching a storm from her window.A huge bolt of lightning is followed by a tremendous thunderclap.Startled,Samantha jumps at the noise.This happens several times.As the storm moves farther away,Samantha jumps at the sight of a lightning bolt but doesn't hear the thunder until after she jumps! In this example,the unconditioned stimulus is the _______________ and the conditioned stimulus is the _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) thunder;lightning 
B) jumping;lightning 
C) lightning;thunder 
D) thunder;jumping 
A) thunder;lightning 
B) jumping;lightning 
C) lightning;thunder 
D) thunder;jumping

Question 5

___________ is responsible for much of our understanding of the relationship between reinforcement and behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A) John Watson 
B) Ivan Pavlov 
C) B.F.Skinner 
D) John Garcia 
A) John Watson 
B) Ivan Pavlov 
C) B.F.Skinner 
D) John Garcia

Question 6

__________ is a change in an organism's behaviour or knowledge brought about by experience.

Accepted Answer

A) Learning 
B) Generalization 
C) Spontaneous recovery 
D) Accommodation 
A) Learning 
B) Generalization 
C) Spontaneous recovery 
D) Accommodation

Question 7

Last month,Walter became sick after eating two chili dogs,and he now finds the very thought of chili dogs to be repulsive.Walter has experienced

Accepted Answer

A) discrimination. 
B) conditioned taste aversion. 
C) generalization. 
D) negative reinforcement. 
A) discrimination. 
B) conditioned taste aversion. 
C) generalization. 
D) negative reinforcement.

Question 8

In the field of learning,Ivan Pavlov is known for the discovery of

Accepted Answer

A) observational learning. 
B) latent learning. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) classical conditioning. 
A) observational learning. 
B) latent learning. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) classical conditioning.

Question 9

Kwan checks her email for new messages several times during the day.She realizes that because emails are sent on a ________________ schedule,checking her email more frequently will not increase the number of new emails she receives in a day.Furthermore,she knows that she cannot predict when people will email her,but if an email has been sent to her,she will receive it the next time she checks.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-ratio 
B) fixed-interval 
C) variable-ratio 
D) variable-interval 
A) fixed-ratio 
B) fixed-interval 
C) variable-ratio 
D) variable-interval

Question 10

In Pavlov's "salivating dogs" studies,the CR was

Accepted Answer

A) salivation. 
B) food. 
C) sound. 
D) biting. 
A) salivation. 
B) food. 
C) sound. 
D) biting.

Question 11

In classical conditioning,the term neutral is used to indicate that a stimulus

Accepted Answer

A) will never be suitable to elicit a response. 
B) is a primary reinforcer. 
C) does not initially elicit a response. 
D) cannot be detected by the subject. 
A) will never be suitable to elicit a response. 
B) is a primary reinforcer. 
C) does not initially elicit a response. 
D) cannot be detected by the subject.

Question 12

Learned behaviour is less prone to extinction if it is conditioned by ____________ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) partial 
B) negative 
C) delayed 
D) continuous 
A) partial 
B) negative 
C) delayed 
D) continuous

Question 13

Which of the following illustrates an unconditioned stimulus (US)?

Accepted Answer

A) blinking when air is blown into your eye 
B) blinking when you hear your favourite song 
C) your favourite song 
D) a puff of air to your eye 
A) blinking when air is blown into your eye 
B) blinking when you hear your favourite song 
C) your favourite song 
D) a puff of air to your eye

Question 14

Salivation in response to food being placed in the mouth and an eye blink response to a puff of air are both examples of

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned stimuli. 
B) conditioned responses. 
C) conditioned stimuli. 
D) unconditioned responses. 
A) unconditioned stimuli. 
B) conditioned responses. 
C) conditioned stimuli. 
D) unconditioned responses.

Question 15

________________is the loss or weakening of a conditioned response when a conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus no longer occur together.

Accepted Answer

A) Generalization 
B) Forgetting 
C) Reverse conditioning 
D) Extinction 
A) Generalization 
B) Forgetting 
C) Reverse conditioning 
D) Extinction

Question 16

You train your dog Milo to salivate to the sound of a bell.Then you ring the bell every five minutes and don't follow the ringing with food for Milo.He salivates less and less and finally stops salivating at all when the bell rings.But the next morning,when you ring the bell,Milo salivates! What term is used to explain the reappearance of this response?

Accepted Answer

A) latent learning 
B) spontaneous recovery 
C) extinction 
D) stimulus generalization 
A) latent learning 
B) spontaneous recovery 
C) extinction 
D) stimulus generalization

Question 17

How would you know if your attempts at classical conditioning have been successful?

Accepted Answer

A) The presentation of the unconditioned stimulus alone,elicits the unconditioned response. 
B) The presentation of the unconditioned stimulus alone,elicits the conditioned response. 
C) The presentation of the conditioned stimulus alone,elicits the conditioned response. 
D) The presentation of the unconditioned response alone,elicits the conditioned response. 
A) The presentation of the unconditioned stimulus alone,elicits the unconditioned response. 
B) The presentation of the unconditioned stimulus alone,elicits the conditioned response. 
C) The presentation of the conditioned stimulus alone,elicits the conditioned response. 
D) The presentation of the unconditioned response alone,elicits the conditioned response.

Question 18

According to research presented in the textbook,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Playing violent video games increases a person's sensitivity to others' suffering. 
B) Gamers who play violent video games are less likely to behave aggressively if they can personalize their game character. 
C) Gamers from Eastern cultures are less likely than gamers from Western cultures to display game-induced aggression. 
D) Male and female gamers have an equal likelihood of developing aggression by playing video games. 
A) Playing violent video games increases a person's sensitivity to others' suffering. 
B) Gamers who play violent video games are less likely to behave aggressively if they can personalize their game character. 
C) Gamers from Eastern cultures are less likely than gamers from Western cultures to display game-induced aggression. 
D) Male and female gamers have an equal likelihood of developing aggression by playing video games.

Question 19

Typically,studying for a test would be an example of ______________ learning.

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive 
B) observational 
C) classical 
D) associative 
A) cognitive 
B) observational 
C) classical 
D) associative

Question 20

The rewarding property of reinforcing stimuli like food and sex is believed to be related to the activity of which brain structure?

Accepted Answer

A) hippocampus 
B) nucleus accumbens 
C) amygdala 
D) thalamus 
A) hippocampus 
B) nucleus accumbens 
C) amygdala 
D) thalamus

Exam 6: C: Learning

Which of the following is one of the ways in which conditioned taste aversions are NOT like other forms of classical conditioning?

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?

Why are heroin users more likely to overdose when they inject heroin at a place other than their usual location?

___________ is responsible for much of our understanding of the relationship between reinforcement and behaviour.

__________ is a change in an organism's behaviour or knowledge brought about by experience.

Last month,Walter became sick after eating two chili dogs,and he now finds the very thought of chili dogs to be repulsive.Walter has experienced

In the field of learning,Ivan Pavlov is known for the discovery of

In Pavlov's "salivating dogs" studies,the CR was

In classical conditioning,the term <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>neutral </i>is used to indicate that a stimulus

Learned behaviour is less prone to extinction if it is conditioned by ____________ reinforcement.

Which of the following illustrates an unconditioned stimulus (US)?

Salivation in response to food being placed in the mouth and an eye blink response to a puff of air are both examples of

________________is the loss or weakening of a conditioned response when a conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus no longer occur together.

How would you know if your attempts at classical conditioning have been successful?

According to research presented in the textbook,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Typically,studying for a test would be an example of ______________ learning.

The rewarding property of reinforcing stimuli like food and sex is believed to be related to the activity of which brain structure?

A: Introducing Psychological Science

B: Introducing Psychological Science

C: Introducing Psychological Science

D: Introducing Psychological Science

E: Introducing Psychological Science

A: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

B: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

C: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

D: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

E: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

A: Biological Psychology

B: Biological Psychology

C: Biological Psychology

D: Biological Psychology

E: Biological Psychology

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: Consciousness

B: Consciousness

C: Consciousness

D: Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

D: Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

D: Memory

A: Thought and Language

B: Thought and Language

C: Thought and Language

D: Thought and Language

E: Thought and Language

A: Intelligence Testing

B: Intelligence Testing

C: Intelligence Testing

D: Intelligence Testing

E: Intelligence Testing

A: Lifespan Development

B: Lifespan Development

C: Lifespan Development

D: Lifespan Development

E: Lifespan Development

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

E: Motivation and Emotion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

E: Personality

A: Social Psychology

B: Social Psychology

C: Social Psychology

D: Social Psychology

E: Social Psychology

A: Health, Stress, and Coping

B: Health, Stress, and Coping