Question 1

Pacinian corpuscles are located:

Accepted Answer

A) Superficially in the dermis and thus have receptive fields with sharp borders 
B) Deep in the dermis and thus have receptive fields with sharp borders 
C) Superficially in the dermis and thus have receptive fields with poorly defined borders 
D) Deep in the dermis and thus have receptive fields with poorly defined borders 
A) Superficially in the dermis and thus have receptive fields with sharp borders 
B) Deep in the dermis and thus have receptive fields with sharp borders 
C) Superficially in the dermis and thus have receptive fields with poorly defined borders 
D) Deep in the dermis and thus have receptive fields with poorly defined borders D

Question 2

A lesion of the dorsal columns would result in:

Accepted Answer

A) Loss of pain sensation 
B) Impaired graphesthesia 
C) Loss of ability to localize a tactile stimulus 
D) Motor weakness 
A) Loss of pain sensation 
B) Impaired graphesthesia 
C) Loss of ability to localize a tactile stimulus 
D) Motor weakness B

Question 3

Second pain is mediated by:

Accepted Answer

A) C fibers and is a sharp,highly localized sensation 
B) C fibers and is a dull,poorly localized sensation 
C) A-$ \delta $ fibers and is a sharp,highly localized sensation 
D) A-$ \delta $ fibers and is a dull,poorly localized sensation 
A) C fibers and is a sharp,highly localized sensation 
B) C fibers and is a dull,poorly localized sensation 
C) A-$ \delta $ fibers and is a sharp,highly localized sensation 
D) A-$ \delta $ fibers and is a dull,poorly localized sensation B

Question 4

The main pathway for fine discriminative touch information from the hand to the cerebral cortex includes:

Accepted Answer

A) Group A-β axons $\rightarrow$ fasciculus cuneatus $\rightarrow$ medial lemniscus $\rightarrow$ ventroposterolateral (VPL)nucleus $\rightarrow$ postcentral gyrus 
B) Group C axons $\rightarrow$ fasciculus cuneatus $\rightarrow$ medial lemniscus $\rightarrow$ VPL nucleus $\rightarrow$ postcentral gyrus 
C) Group A-β axons $\rightarrow$ fasciculus cuneatus $\rightarrow$ medial lemniscus $\rightarrow$ VPL nucleus $\rightarrow$ precentral gyrus 
D) Group C axons $\rightarrow$ fasciculus cuneatus $\rightarrow$ medial lemniscus $\rightarrow$ VPL nucleus $\rightarrow$ precentral gyrus 
E) Group A-$\alpha$ axons $\rightarrow$ fasciculus gracilis $\rightarrow$ medial lemniscus $\rightarrow$ VPL nucleus $\rightarrow$ postcentral gyrus 
A) Group A-β axons $\rightarrow$ fasciculus cuneatus $\rightarrow$ medial lemniscus $\rightarrow$ ventroposterolateral (VPL)nucleus $\rightarrow$ postcentral gyrus 
B) Group C axons $\rightarrow$ fasciculus cuneatus $\rightarrow$ medial lemniscus $\rightarrow$ VPL nucleus $\rightarrow$ postcentral gyrus 
C) Group A-β axons $\rightarrow$ fasciculus cuneatus $\rightarrow$ medial lemniscus $\rightarrow$ VPL nucleus $\rightarrow$ precentral gyrus 
D) Group C axons $\rightarrow$ fasciculus cuneatus $\rightarrow$ medial lemniscus $\rightarrow$ VPL nucleus $\rightarrow$ precentral gyrus 
E) Group A-$\alpha$ axons $\rightarrow$ fasciculus gracilis $\rightarrow$ medial lemniscus $\rightarrow$ VPL nucleus $\rightarrow$ postcentral gyrus

Question 5

Which of the following sequences represents a pathway for conscious proprioceptive information (kinesthesia)from the lower limb?

Accepted Answer

A) Dorsal root ganglion cells $\rightarrow$ nucleus dorsalis $\rightarrow$ dorsal spinocerebellar tract $\rightarrow$ superior cerebellar peduncle 
B) Clarke's column $\rightarrow$ ventral spinocerebellar tract $\rightarrow$ inferior cerebellar peduncle 
C) Dorsal root ganglion cells $\rightarrow$ dorsal spinocerebellar tract $\rightarrow$ nucleus z $\rightarrow$ medial lemniscus $\rightarrow$ VPL nucleus 
D) Fasciculus cuneatus $\rightarrow$ internal arcuate fibers $\rightarrow$ medial lemniscus $\rightarrow$ VPL nucleus 
A) Dorsal root ganglion cells $\rightarrow$ nucleus dorsalis $\rightarrow$ dorsal spinocerebellar tract $\rightarrow$ superior cerebellar peduncle 
B) Clarke's column $\rightarrow$ ventral spinocerebellar tract $\rightarrow$ inferior cerebellar peduncle 
C) Dorsal root ganglion cells $\rightarrow$ dorsal spinocerebellar tract $\rightarrow$ nucleus z $\rightarrow$ medial lemniscus $\rightarrow$ VPL nucleus 
D) Fasciculus cuneatus $\rightarrow$ internal arcuate fibers $\rightarrow$ medial lemniscus $\rightarrow$ VPL nucleus

Question 6

Pain fibers:

Accepted Answer

A) Are not activated by a mechanical stimulus unless it is painful 
B) End in encapsulated receptors 
C) Are large-caliber myelinated axons 
D) May be activated by multiple classes of stimuli 
A) Are not activated by a mechanical stimulus unless it is painful 
B) End in encapsulated receptors 
C) Are large-caliber myelinated axons 
D) May be activated by multiple classes of stimuli

Question 7

The gate control theory of pain is best described by which of the following statements?

Accepted Answer

A) Transient receptor potential (TRP)channels are gated by temperature. 
B) Activation of low-threshold mechanoreceptors can reduce or block the activity of ascending pain pathways. 
C) Gamma aminobutyric acid (GAB
A) inhibits neurons in the spinal cord. 
D) After sensitization,a pain fiber begins responding to nondamaging tactile stimuli. 
A) Transient receptor potential (TRP)channels are gated by temperature. 
B) Activation of low-threshold mechanoreceptors can reduce or block the activity of ascending pain pathways. 
C) Gamma aminobutyric acid (GAB
A) inhibits neurons in the spinal cord. 
D) After sensitization,a pain fiber begins responding to nondamaging tactile stimuli.

Question 8

Fast-adapting type 1 fibers respond to a tactile stimulus by a:

Accepted Answer

A) Maintained increase in firing rate for the duration of the stimulus 
B) Maintained decrease in firing rate for the duration of the stimulus 
C) Transient increase in firing rate at the initiation and cessation of the stimulus 
D) Transient increase in firing rate at the initiation of the stimulus and a transient decrease in firing rate at its cessation 
E) Transient decrease in firing rate at the initiation of the stimulus and a transient increase in firing rate at its cessation 
A) Maintained increase in firing rate for the duration of the stimulus 
B) Maintained decrease in firing rate for the duration of the stimulus 
C) Transient increase in firing rate at the initiation and cessation of the stimulus 
D) Transient increase in firing rate at the initiation of the stimulus and a transient decrease in firing rate at its cessation 
E) Transient decrease in firing rate at the initiation of the stimulus and a transient increase in firing rate at its cessation

Question 9

In the primary somatosensory cortex (SI):

Accepted Answer

A) All body parts are represented by equal amounts of cortex. 
B) Body parts are represented by an amount of cortex proportional to their surface area. 
C) The sensory homunculus has an upright position. 
D) Proprioceptive and tactile information are directed to different parts of SI cortex and are examples of the labeled-line principle. 
A) All body parts are represented by equal amounts of cortex. 
B) Body parts are represented by an amount of cortex proportional to their surface area. 
C) The sensory homunculus has an upright position. 
D) Proprioceptive and tactile information are directed to different parts of SI cortex and are examples of the labeled-line principle.

Question 10

Which nonopioid neurotransmitter is involved in control of pain pathways?

Accepted Answer

A) Serotonin 
B) Enkephalin 
C) Dynorphin 
D) $\beta$-Endorphin 
A) Serotonin 
B) Enkephalin 
C) Dynorphin 
D) $\beta$-Endorphin

Exam 7: The Somatosensory System

Pacinian corpuscles are located:

A lesion of the dorsal columns would result in:

Second pain is mediated by:

The main pathway for fine discriminative touch information from the hand to the cerebral cortex includes:

Which of the following sequences represents a pathway for conscious proprioceptive information (kinesthesia)from the lower limb?

Pain fibers:

The gate control theory of pain is best described by which of the following statements?

Fast-adapting type 1 fibers respond to a tactile stimulus by a:

In the primary somatosensory cortex (SI):

Which nonopioid neurotransmitter is involved in control of pain pathways?

Principles of Cell Function

Homeostasis of Body Fluids

Signal Transduction, membrane Receptors, second Messengers, and Regulation of Gene Expression

The Nervous System: Introduction to Cells and Systems

Generation and Conduction of Action Potentials

Synaptic Transmission

The Special Senses

Organization of Motor Function

Higher Functions of the Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Its Central Control

Skeletal Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Overview of Circulation

Elements of Cardiac Function

Properties of the Vasculature

Regulation of the Heart and Vasculature

Integrated Control of the Cardiovascular System

Structure and Function of the Respiratory System

Static Lung and Chest Wall Mechanics

Dynamic Lung and Chest Wall Mechanics

Ventilation

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Control of Respiration

Non-Physiologic Functions of the Lung: Host Defense and Metabolism

Functional Anatomy and General Principles of Regulation in the Gastrointestinal Tract

The Cephalic, oral, and Esophageal Phases of the Integrated Response to a Meal

The Gastric Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal

The Small Intestinal Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal

The Colonic Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal

Transport and Metabolic Functions of the Liver

Elements of Renal Function

Solute and Water Transport Along the Nephron: Tubular Function

Control of Body Fluid Osmolality and Volume

Potassium, calcium, and Phosphate Homeostasis

Role of the Kidneys in the Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Hormonal Regulation of Energy Metabolism

Hormonal Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism

The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The Adrenal Glands

The Male and Female Reproductive Systems

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