Question 1

World population growth since 1970 has reduced the supply of water for each person by

Accepted Answer

A) half. 
B) two-thirds. 
C) one-third. 
D) a quarter. 
E) three quarters. 
A) half. 
B) two-thirds. 
C) one-third. 
D) a quarter. 
E) three quarters.

Question 2

Potential evapotranspiration refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the average amount of evapotranspiration over an area per unit time. 
B) the amount of evapotranspiration measured from an evaporation pan. 
C) the amount of evapotranspiration that would occur if available water was not limited. 
D) a precise measurement of evapotranspiration using a lysimeter. 
E) the amount of water that returns to the atmosphere through evapotranspiration. 
A) the average amount of evapotranspiration over an area per unit time. 
B) the amount of evapotranspiration measured from an evaporation pan. 
C) the amount of evapotranspiration that would occur if available water was not limited. 
D) a precise measurement of evapotranspiration using a lysimeter. 
E) the amount of water that returns to the atmosphere through evapotranspiration.

Question 3

Approximately what percent of the world's irrigation water is from groundwater?

Accepted Answer

A) 5 percent 
B) 15 percent 
C) 25 percent 
D) 50 percent 
E) 80 percent 
A) 5 percent 
B) 15 percent 
C) 25 percent 
D) 50 percent 
E) 80 percent

Question 4

Much of Earth's water supply likely originated from

Accepted Answer

A) icy comets and planetesimals debris. 
B) respiration of early organisms. 
C) gases expelled from the Sun,i.e. ,solar wind. 
D) photosynthesis. 
E) transpiration. 
A) icy comets and planetesimals debris. 
B) respiration of early organisms. 
C) gases expelled from the Sun,i.e. ,solar wind. 
D) photosynthesis. 
E) transpiration.

Question 5

If groundwater mining of the High Plains aquifer were to immediately cease,how long do scientists estimate recovery would take?

Accepted Answer

A) under 25 years 
B) between approximately 50 and 75 years 
C) a minimum of 100 years,a maximum of 500 years 
D) at current recharge rates,750 years 
E) at least 1,000 years 
A) under 25 years 
B) between approximately 50 and 75 years 
C) a minimum of 100 years,a maximum of 500 years 
D) at current recharge rates,750 years 
E) at least 1,000 years

Question 6

The area which contains the volume of subsurface water stored in the soil that is accessible to plant roots is the

Accepted Answer

A) zone of saturation. 
B) gravitational zone. 
C) water table. 
D) base flow. 
E) soil-moisture zone. 
A) zone of saturation. 
B) gravitational zone. 
C) water table. 
D) base flow. 
E) soil-moisture zone.

Question 7

Other than ice sheets and glaciers,the largest repository of fresh water is located in

Accepted Answer

A) lakes and saline seas. 
B) groundwater. 
C) soil moisture storage. 
D) rivers and streams. 
E) atmospheric water vapor. 
A) lakes and saline seas. 
B) groundwater. 
C) soil moisture storage. 
D) rivers and streams. 
E) atmospheric water vapor.

Question 8

Define these components of the water budget,explaining the importance of each: precipitation (P),potential evapotranspiration (PE),actual evapotranspiration (AE),and soil moisture utilization.

Accepted Answer

Precipitation (P)is the moisture supply

Question 9

Outgassing refers to

Accepted Answer

A) changes in the total amount of water on Earth through evapotranspiration. 
B) a steady-state equilibrium in the water system caused by cycles of evaporation and condensation. 
C) the dynamic equilibrium between surface and ocean water. 
D) the process in which water and water vapor emerge from deep layers within and below the Earth's crust. 
E) condensation of massive amounts of atmospheric water vapor due to rapid changing climatic conditions. 
A) changes in the total amount of water on Earth through evapotranspiration. 
B) a steady-state equilibrium in the water system caused by cycles of evaporation and condensation. 
C) the dynamic equilibrium between surface and ocean water. 
D) the process in which water and water vapor emerge from deep layers within and below the Earth's crust. 
E) condensation of massive amounts of atmospheric water vapor due to rapid changing climatic conditions.

Question 10

A drought defined by the shortage of precipitation and soil moisture effects on crop yield is a(n)___drought.

Accepted Answer

A) meteorological 
B) agricultural 
C) hydrological 
D) socioeconomic 
E) climatic 
A) meteorological 
B) agricultural 
C) hydrological 
D) socioeconomic 
E) climatic

Question 11

Sample water budgets for stations near Phoenix.

Actual evapotranspiration for Phoenix,Arizona is highest during

Accepted Answer

A) March. 
B) January. 
C) September. 
D) July. 
E) August. 
A) March. 
B) January. 
C) September. 
D) July. 
E) August.

Question 12

What are the two basic pathways precipitation can take once it reaches Earth's surface?

Accepted Answer

The two basic pathways are overland flow

Question 13

A water-bearing rock stratum is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) water table. 
B) aquiclude. 
C) zone of aeration. 
D) aquifer. 
E) aquitard. 
A) water table. 
B) aquiclude. 
C) zone of aeration. 
D) aquifer. 
E) aquitard.

Question 14

The hydrologic cycle model.Water travels endlessly through the hydrosphere,atmosphere,lithosphere,and biosphere.The triangles show global average values as percentages.Note that all evaporation (86% + 14% = 100%)equals all precipitation (78% + 22% = 100%)and that advection in the atmosphere is balanced by surface runoff,streamflow,and groundwater flow when all of Earth is considered.

Evapotranspiration from the Earth's land surface represents ___percent of water entering the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

A) 44 
B) 86 
C) 14 
D) 78 
E) 20 
A) 44 
B) 86 
C) 14 
D) 78 
E) 20

Question 15

Eustasy refers to

Accepted Answer

A) changes in the total amount of water on Earth. 
B) a steady-state equilibrium in the water system. 
C) the amount of new water from outgassing volcanoes. 
D) worldwide changes in sea level. 
E) the amount of ice stored in continental glaciers. 
A) changes in the total amount of water on Earth. 
B) a steady-state equilibrium in the water system. 
C) the amount of new water from outgassing volcanoes. 
D) worldwide changes in sea level. 
E) the amount of ice stored in continental glaciers.

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the amount of freshwater at Earth's surface?

Accepted Answer

A) Lakes,rivers,and swamps contain 0.3% of the world's freshwater supply. 
B) Combined,surface freshwater sources contain the majority of the world's freshwater. 
C) The amount of the world's fresh water in rivers and streams is greater than that in the atmosphere. 
D) Surface freshwater sources contain 11.02% of the world's fresh water supplies. 
E) Of the freshwater supplies in lakes,rivers,and swamps,rivers contain the greatest amount of freshwater. 
A) Lakes,rivers,and swamps contain 0.3% of the world's freshwater supply. 
B) Combined,surface freshwater sources contain the majority of the world's freshwater. 
C) The amount of the world's fresh water in rivers and streams is greater than that in the atmosphere. 
D) Surface freshwater sources contain 11.02% of the world's fresh water supplies. 
E) Of the freshwater supplies in lakes,rivers,and swamps,rivers contain the greatest amount of freshwater.

Question 17

An estimated ___percent of precipitation over land infiltrates the subsurface,of which ____percent returns to the atmosphere via evapotranspiration.

Accepted Answer

A) 76;85 
B) 35;97 
C) 75;75 
D) 44;80 
E) 10;25 
A) 76;85 
B) 35;97 
C) 75;75 
D) 44;80 
E) 10;25

Question 18

Intercepted water that drains across plant leaves and down their stems to the ground is known as

Accepted Answer

A) throughfall. 
B) overland flow. 
C) infiltration. 
D) stem flow. 
E) percolation. 
A) throughfall. 
B) overland flow. 
C) infiltration. 
D) stem flow. 
E) percolation.

Question 19

Earth's oceans possess

Accepted Answer

A) most of the fresh water on Earth. 
B) about the same amount of water as is in the atmosphere. 
C) fifty percent of Earth's waters. 
D) ninety-seven percent of Earth's waters. 
E) a small fraction of all water on Earth. 
A) most of the fresh water on Earth. 
B) about the same amount of water as is in the atmosphere. 
C) fifty percent of Earth's waters. 
D) ninety-seven percent of Earth's waters. 
E) a small fraction of all water on Earth.

World population growth since 1970 has reduced the supply of water for each person by

Potential evapotranspiration refers to

Approximately what percent of the world's irrigation water is from groundwater?

Much of Earth's water supply likely originated from

If groundwater mining of the High Plains aquifer were to immediately cease,how long do scientists estimate recovery would take?

The area which contains the volume of subsurface water stored in the soil that is accessible to plant roots is the

Other than ice sheets and glaciers,the largest repository of fresh water is located in

Define these components of the water budget,explaining the importance of each: precipitation (P),potential evapotranspiration (PE),actual evapotranspiration (AE),and soil moisture utilization.

Outgassing refers to

A drought defined by the shortage of precipitation and soil moisture effects on crop yield is a(n)___drought.

Sample water budgets for stations near Phoenix. Actual evapotranspiration for Phoenix,Arizona is highest during

What are the two basic pathways precipitation can take once it reaches Earth's surface?

A water-bearing rock stratum is called a(n)

Eustasy refers to

Which of the following is true regarding the amount of freshwater at Earth's surface?

An estimated _percent of precipitation over land infiltrates the subsurface,of which __percent returns to the atmosphere via evapotranspiration.

Intercepted water that drains across plant leaves and down their stems to the ground is known as

Earth's oceans possess

Essentials of Geography

Solar Energy to Earth and the Seasons

Earth’s Atmosphere

Atmospheric Energy and Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations

Water and Atmospheric Moisture

Weather

Earth’s Climatic Regions

Climate Change

The Dynamic Planet

Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanism

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

River Systems

Aeolian Processes and Arid Landscapes

Oceans and Coastal Systems

Glacial Landscapes and the Cryosphere

The Geography of Soils

Ecosystem Essentials

Terrestrial Biomes

Filters

Exam 8: Water Resources

World population growth since 1970 has reduced the supply of water for each person by

Potential evapotranspiration refers to

Approximately what percent of the world's irrigation water is from groundwater?

Much of Earth's water supply likely originated from

If groundwater mining of the High Plains aquifer were to immediately cease,how long do scientists estimate recovery would take?

The area which contains the volume of subsurface water stored in the soil that is accessible to plant roots is the

Other than ice sheets and glaciers,the largest repository of fresh water is located in

Define these components of the water budget,explaining the importance of each: precipitation (P),potential evapotranspiration (PE),actual evapotranspiration (AE),and soil moisture utilization.

Outgassing refers to

A drought defined by the shortage of precipitation and soil moisture effects on crop yield is a(n)___drought.

Sample water budgets for stations near Phoenix. Actual evapotranspiration for Phoenix,Arizona is highest during

What are the two basic pathways precipitation can take once it reaches Earth's surface?

A water-bearing rock stratum is called a(n)

Eustasy refers to

Which of the following is true regarding the amount of freshwater at Earth's surface?

An estimated ___percent of precipitation over land infiltrates the subsurface,of which ____percent returns to the atmosphere via evapotranspiration.

Intercepted water that drains across plant leaves and down their stems to the ground is known as

Earth's oceans possess

Essentials of Geography

Solar Energy to Earth and the Seasons

Earth’s Atmosphere

Atmospheric Energy and Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations

Water and Atmospheric Moisture

Weather

Earth’s Climatic Regions

Climate Change

The Dynamic Planet

Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanism

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

River Systems

Aeolian Processes and Arid Landscapes

Oceans and Coastal Systems

Glacial Landscapes and the Cryosphere

The Geography of Soils

Ecosystem Essentials

Terrestrial Biomes

Filters

An estimated _percent of precipitation over land infiltrates the subsurface,of which __percent returns to the atmosphere via evapotranspiration.