Question 1

Worldwide annual glacial mass balance

Annual mass balance of glaciers worldwide from 1980 to 2012

Accepted Answer

A) indicates a positive cumulative annual mass balance. 
B) shows a negative cumulative annual mass balance. 
C) has fluctuated greatly,with some positive and some negative years. 
D) trends near zero,indicating snowfall and melting are mostly equal. 
E) was positive through 1995 and has been slightly negative since. 
A) indicates a positive cumulative annual mass balance. 
B) shows a negative cumulative annual mass balance. 
C) has fluctuated greatly,with some positive and some negative years. 
D) trends near zero,indicating snowfall and melting are mostly equal. 
E) was positive through 1995 and has been slightly negative since.

Question 2

The 16O evaporates ___ than 18O,and condenses___ .

Accepted Answer

A) less easily;more easily 
B) less easily;less easily 
C) more easily;less easily 
D) more easily;more easily 
E) more rapidly;more slowly 
A) less easily;more easily 
B) less easily;less easily 
C) more easily;less easily 
D) more easily;more easily 
E) more rapidly;more slowly

Question 3

Ocean sediment cores provide a climate record for the past ____years.

Accepted Answer

A)  50,000 
B)  800,000 
C) 	2 million 
D) 	10 million 
E) 	70 million 
A)  50,000 
B)  800,000 
C) 	2 million 
D) 	10 million 
E) 	70 million

Question 4

"Snowball Earth" refers to

Accepted Answer

A) an extreme icehouse climate from 600 to 700 million years ago with ice sheets extending to the tropics. 
B) a climate model that predicts large expanses of ice sheets due to negative feedback loops triggered by climate change. 
C) the Pleistocene glaciation ending 12,000 years ago when the Laurentide Ice Sheet covered large portions of North America. 
D) a hypothesized model of climate change based on massive volcanic eruptions and/or nuclear fallout creating a global winter. 
E) a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. 
A) an extreme icehouse climate from 600 to 700 million years ago with ice sheets extending to the tropics. 
B) a climate model that predicts large expanses of ice sheets due to negative feedback loops triggered by climate change. 
C) the Pleistocene glaciation ending 12,000 years ago when the Laurentide Ice Sheet covered large portions of North America. 
D) a hypothesized model of climate change based on massive volcanic eruptions and/or nuclear fallout creating a global winter. 
E) a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras.

Question 5

As permafrost thaws,increased microbial activity in the soils results in the release of more carbon to the atmosphere.More carbon in the atmosphere accelerated the greenhouse effect.This is known as the

Accepted Answer

A) ice-albedo feedback. 
B) water-vapor feedback. 
C) permafrost-carbon feedback. 
D) wildfire-carbon feedback. 
E) CO2-weathering feedback. 
A) ice-albedo feedback. 
B) water-vapor feedback. 
C) permafrost-carbon feedback. 
D) wildfire-carbon feedback. 
E) CO2-weathering feedback.

Question 6

Which of the following is not an example of methods used for short-term climate reconstructions?

Accepted Answer

A) dendrochronology 
B) ocean sediment core analysis 
C) carbon isotope analysis 
D) speleothems analysis 
E) lake core analysis 
A) dendrochronology 
B) ocean sediment core analysis 
C) carbon isotope analysis 
D) speleothems analysis 
E) lake core analysis

Question 7

As air temperatures increase,evaporation increases.Warmer temperatures also increase the capacity to absorb water vapor.More water vapor in the atmosphere accelerates the greenhouse effect.As temperatures increase further,more water vapor can enter the atmosphere,causing temperatures to increase even more.This is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) positive feedback loop. 
B) negative feedback loop. 
C) threshold. 
D) static state. 
E) equilibrium state. 
A) positive feedback loop. 
B) negative feedback loop. 
C) threshold. 
D) static state. 
E) equilibrium state.

Question 8

What steps can you take to help reduce climate change?

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary,but may include not pr

Question 9

The Medieval Climate Anomaly was

Accepted Answer

A) a mild climate episode that lasted from 800 to 1200 and involved warmer than normal conditions in the North Atlantic region (e.g.Greenland and Iceland). 
B) the current period of unprecedented warming that has occurred since 1980. 
C) a warming trend that occurred from the Last Glacial Maximum until the Little Ice Age (1250). 
D) a global cooling trend that lasted from approximately 1250 to 1850. 
E) higher than average temperatures throughout Asia,but mostly affecting China,that occurred during the Classical Chinese Medieval Period. 
A) a mild climate episode that lasted from 800 to 1200 and involved warmer than normal conditions in the North Atlantic region (e.g.Greenland and Iceland). 
B) the current period of unprecedented warming that has occurred since 1980. 
C) a warming trend that occurred from the Last Glacial Maximum until the Little Ice Age (1250). 
D) a global cooling trend that lasted from approximately 1250 to 1850. 
E) higher than average temperatures throughout Asia,but mostly affecting China,that occurred during the Classical Chinese Medieval Period.

Question 10

Radiocarbon dating of organic material may provide a climate record for up to ____years before present.

Accepted Answer

A) 10,000 
B) 25,000 
C) 50,000 
D) 75,000 
E) 150,000 
A) 10,000 
B) 25,000 
C) 50,000 
D) 75,000 
E) 150,000

Question 11

The key elements of climate change science include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) study of past climates,only 
B) measurement of current climatic change,only 
C) projection of future climate scenarios,only 
D) establishing policy on CO2 emissions 
E) study of past climates,measurement of current climatic change,and projection of future climate scenarios 
A) study of past climates,only 
B) measurement of current climatic change,only 
C) projection of future climate scenarios,only 
D) establishing policy on CO2 emissions 
E) study of past climates,measurement of current climatic change,and projection of future climate scenarios

Question 12

The 1997 legally binding international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is known as the

Accepted Answer

A) Montreal Protocol. 
B) Kyoto Protocol. 
C) CITES. 
D) ICRW. 
E) Clean Air Act. 
A) Montreal Protocol. 
B) Kyoto Protocol. 
C) CITES. 
D) ICRW. 
E) Clean Air Act.

Question 13

Concentrations of methane gas since 1985

Present atmospheric methane (CH4)concentrations are at approximately_ ppb.

Accepted Answer

A) 250 
B) 750 
C) 1000 
D) 1500 
E) 1800 
A) 250 
B) 750 
C) 1000 
D) 1500 
E) 1800

Question 14

Greenhouse gases: Relative percentages of radiative forcing

Which of the following gases accounts for the largest amount of radiative forcing?

Accepted Answer

A) carbon dioxide (CO2) 
B) nitrous oxides (N2O) 
C) chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 
D) methane (CH4) 
E) hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) 
A) carbon dioxide (CO2) 
B) nitrous oxides (N2O) 
C) chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 
D) methane (CH4) 
E) hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

Question 15

So-called _____climates are periods with relatively warmer temperatures.

Accepted Answer

A) greenhouse 
B) coolhouse 
C) glasshouse 
D) conservatory 
E) hothouse 
A) greenhouse 
B) coolhouse 
C) glasshouse 
D) conservatory 
E) hothouse

Question 16

What is radiative forcing? List gases and aerosols that have positive or negative radiative forcing.What is the primary source of each?

Accepted Answer

Radiative forcing (climate forcing)descr

Question 17

Describe the functioning of a general circulation model.What are some of the predictions for the 21st Century based on GCMs?

Accepted Answer

GCMs are statistical models representing

Question 18

According to readings from the Mauna Loa Observatory,CO2 concentrations currently exceed ___.

Accepted Answer

A) 100-ppm 
B) 200-ppm 
C) 300-ppm 
D) 400-ppm 
E) 500-ppm 
A) 100-ppm 
B) 200-ppm 
C) 300-ppm 
D) 400-ppm 
E) 500-ppm

Question 19

The process of chemical weathering transfers CO2 from the atmosphere to the lithosphere and hydrosphere,thereby providing a natural buffer to climatic change over long time scales.This is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) positive feedback loop. 
B) negative feedback loop. 
C) threshold. 
D) static state. 
E) equilibrium state. 
A) positive feedback loop. 
B) negative feedback loop. 
C) threshold. 
D) static state. 
E) equilibrium state.

Question 20

What are some examples of positive and negative climate feedback loops?

Accepted Answer

Examples include water-vapor feedback,pe

Worldwide annual glacial mass balance Annual mass balance of glaciers worldwide from 1980 to 2012

The 16O evaporates _ than 18O,and condenses_ .

Ocean sediment cores provide a climate record for the past ____years.

"Snowball Earth" refers to

As permafrost thaws,increased microbial activity in the soils results in the release of more carbon to the atmosphere.More carbon in the atmosphere accelerated the greenhouse effect.This is known as the

Which of the following is not an example of methods used for short-term climate reconstructions?

What steps can you take to help reduce climate change?

The Medieval Climate Anomaly was

Radiocarbon dating of organic material may provide a climate record for up to ____years before present.

The key elements of climate change science include which of the following?

The 1997 legally binding international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is known as the

Concentrations of methane gas since 1985 Present atmospheric methane (CH₄)concentrations are at approximately_ ppb.

Greenhouse gases: Relative percentages of radiative forcing Which of the following gases accounts for the largest amount of radiative forcing?

So-called _____climates are periods with relatively warmer temperatures.

What is radiative forcing? List gases and aerosols that have positive or negative radiative forcing.What is the primary source of each?

Describe the functioning of a general circulation model.What are some of the predictions for the 21st Century based on GCMs?

According to readings from the Mauna Loa Observatory,CO2 concentrations currently exceed ___.

The process of chemical weathering transfers CO2 from the atmosphere to the lithosphere and hydrosphere,thereby providing a natural buffer to climatic change over long time scales.This is an example of a(n)

What are some examples of positive and negative climate feedback loops?

Essentials of Geography

Solar Energy to Earth and the Seasons

Earth’s Atmosphere

Atmospheric Energy and Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations

Water and Atmospheric Moisture

Weather

Water Resources

Earth’s Climatic Regions

The Dynamic Planet

Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanism

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

River Systems

Aeolian Processes and Arid Landscapes

Oceans and Coastal Systems

Glacial Landscapes and the Cryosphere

The Geography of Soils

Ecosystem Essentials

Terrestrial Biomes

Filters

Exam 10: Climate Change

Worldwide annual glacial mass balance Annual mass balance of glaciers worldwide from 1980 to 2012

The 16O evaporates ___ than 18O,and condenses___ .

Ocean sediment cores provide a climate record for the past ____years.

"Snowball Earth" refers to

As permafrost thaws,increased microbial activity in the soils results in the release of more carbon to the atmosphere.More carbon in the atmosphere accelerated the greenhouse effect.This is known as the

Which of the following is not an example of methods used for short-term climate reconstructions?

What steps can you take to help reduce climate change?

The Medieval Climate Anomaly was

Radiocarbon dating of organic material may provide a climate record for up to ____years before present.

The key elements of climate change science include which of the following?

The 1997 legally binding international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is known as the

Concentrations of methane gas since 1985 Present atmospheric methane (CH4)concentrations are at approximately_ ppb.

Greenhouse gases: Relative percentages of radiative forcing Which of the following gases accounts for the largest amount of radiative forcing?

So-called _____climates are periods with relatively warmer temperatures.

What is radiative forcing? List gases and aerosols that have positive or negative radiative forcing.What is the primary source of each?

Describe the functioning of a general circulation model.What are some of the predictions for the 21st Century based on GCMs?

According to readings from the Mauna Loa Observatory,CO2 concentrations currently exceed ___.

The process of chemical weathering transfers CO2 from the atmosphere to the lithosphere and hydrosphere,thereby providing a natural buffer to climatic change over long time scales.This is an example of a(n)

What are some examples of positive and negative climate feedback loops?

Essentials of Geography

Solar Energy to Earth and the Seasons

Earth’s Atmosphere

Atmospheric Energy and Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations

Water and Atmospheric Moisture

Weather

Water Resources

Earth’s Climatic Regions

The Dynamic Planet

Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanism

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

River Systems

Aeolian Processes and Arid Landscapes

Oceans and Coastal Systems

Glacial Landscapes and the Cryosphere

The Geography of Soils

Ecosystem Essentials

Terrestrial Biomes

Filters

The 16O evaporates _ than 18O,and condenses_ .

Concentrations of methane gas since 1985 Present atmospheric methane (CH₄)concentrations are at approximately_ ppb.