Question 1

Some minerals have the same chemical composition but different crystal structures, a phenomenon termed _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  alteration 
B)  recrystallization 
C)  metamorphism 
D)  isotopes 
E)  polymorphism 
A)  alteration 
B)  recrystallization 
C)  metamorphism 
D)  isotopes 
E)  polymorphism

Question 2

What is the special property of the mineral halite?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has 5 directions of cleavage. 
B)  It has a hardness of -3. 
C)  It can transmit electricity. 
D)  It tastes like salt. 
E)  It has an extremely high melting temperature. 
A)  It has 5 directions of cleavage. 
B)  It has a hardness of -3. 
C)  It can transmit electricity. 
D)  It tastes like salt. 
E)  It has an extremely high melting temperature.

Question 3

The isotope composition of _____ in foraminifera shells from sediment cores are used to determine climate change in Earth history.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen 
B)  carbon 
C)  uranium 
D)  lead 
E)  helium 
A)  oxygen 
B)  carbon 
C)  uranium 
D)  lead 
E)  helium

Question 4

Two examples of framework silicates are _____ and ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  calcite; dolomite 
B)  olivine; pyroxene 
C)  quartz; feldspar 
D)  biotite; muscovite 
E)  amphibole; olivine 
A)  calcite; dolomite 
B)  olivine; pyroxene 
C)  quartz; feldspar 
D)  biotite; muscovite 
E)  amphibole; olivine

Question 5

The _____ group of minerals are sheet silicates.

Accepted Answer

A)  amphibole 
B)  feldspar 
C)  olivine 
D)  pyroxene 
E)  mica 
A)  amphibole 
B)  feldspar 
C)  olivine 
D)  pyroxene 
E)  mica

Question 6

The two most abundant elements in Earth's crust are __.

Accepted Answer

A)  iron and magnesium 
B)  carbon and hydrogen 
C)  carbon and oxygen 
D)  hydrogen and oxygen 
E)  oxygen and silicon 
A)  iron and magnesium 
B)  carbon and hydrogen 
C)  carbon and oxygen 
D)  hydrogen and oxygen 
E)  oxygen and silicon

Question 7

Calcite has ___ direction of cleavage.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  6 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  6

Question 8

The _____ group and the ___ group are sheet silicates characterized by one direction of cleavage.

Accepted Answer

A)  amphibole; pyroxene 
B)  feldspar; quartz 
C)  olivine; plagioclase 
D)  mica; clay 
E)  carbonate; sulfide 
A)  amphibole; pyroxene 
B)  feldspar; quartz 
C)  olivine; plagioclase 
D)  mica; clay 
E)  carbonate; sulfide

Question 9

In order for a particular type of material to be classified as a mineral, it must ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  be a solid 
B)  occur naturally 
C)  have a crystalline structure 
D)  have a definite chemical composition 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  be a solid 
B)  occur naturally 
C)  have a crystalline structure 
D)  have a definite chemical composition 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 10

Calcite (calcium carbonate) is the most common non-silicate mineral in the Earth's crust.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

_______ are the smallest electrically neutral assemblies of matter and energy that we know of in the universe.

Accepted Answer

A)  Isotopes 
B)  Atoms 
C)  Ions 
D)  Electrons 
E)  Protons 
A)  Isotopes 
B)  Atoms 
C)  Ions 
D)  Electrons 
E)  Protons

Question 12

On Mohs' scale of hardness your fingernail has a value of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  12 
B)  5 
C)  2½ 
D)  6½ 
E)  9 
A)  12 
B)  5 
C)  2½ 
D)  6½ 
E)  9

Question 13

A mineral is defined as a crystalline solid that is naturally occurring, has a specific chemical composition and forms through geologic processes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Specific gravity is the ratio of a mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of air.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The number of neutrons in an atom controls the chemical behavior of an element.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

____ has the property of generating electricity when squeezed in a certain crystallographic direction.

Accepted Answer

A)  Copper 
B)  Mica 
C)  Amphibole 
D)  Gold 
E)  Quartz 
A)  Copper 
B)  Mica 
C)  Amphibole 
D)  Gold 
E)  Quartz

Question 17

The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in each atom.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The atomic number of an element equals the number of _____ in each atom.

Accepted Answer

A)  electrons 
B)  neutrons 
C)  protons 
D)  Answers neutrons and protons are both correct; answer a is not correct. 
E)  Answers electrons, neutrons and protons are all correct. 
A)  electrons 
B)  neutrons 
C)  protons 
D)  Answers neutrons and protons are both correct; answer a is not correct. 
E)  Answers electrons, neutrons and protons are all correct.

Question 19

Both graphite and diamond are made of carbon.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Diamond has no cleavage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 2: Atoms, Elements, and Minerals

Some minerals have the same chemical composition but different crystal structures, a phenomenon termed _______.

What is the special property of the mineral halite?

The isotope composition of _____ in foraminifera shells from sediment cores are used to determine climate change in Earth history.

Two examples of framework silicates are _____ and ______.

The _____ group of minerals are sheet silicates.

The two most abundant elements in Earth's crust are __.

Calcite has ___ direction of cleavage.

The _____ group and the ___ group are sheet silicates characterized by one direction of cleavage.

In order for a particular type of material to be classified as a mineral, it must ____.

Calcite (calcium carbonate) is the most common non-silicate mineral in the Earth's crust.

_______ are the smallest electrically neutral assemblies of matter and energy that we know of in the universe.

On Mohs' scale of hardness your fingernail has a value of ____.

A mineral is defined as a crystalline solid that is naturally occurring, has a specific chemical composition and forms through geologic processes.

Specific gravity is the ratio of a mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of air.

The number of neutrons in an atom controls the chemical behavior of an element.

____ has the property of generating electricity when squeezed in a certain crystallographic direction.

The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in each atom.

The atomic number of an element equals the number of _____ in each atom.

Both graphite and diamond are made of carbon.

Diamond has no cleavage.

Introducing Geology, the Essentials of Plate Tectonics, and Other Important Concepts

Igneous Rocks, Intrusive Activity, and the Origin of Igneous Rocks

Volcanism and Extrusive Rocks

Weathering and Soil

Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism, Metamorphic Rocks, and Hydrothermal Rocks

Time and Geology

Mass Wasting

Streams and Floods

Ground Water

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Wind Action

Waves, Beaches, and Coasts

Geologic Structures

Earthquakes

Earths Interior and Geophysical Properties

The Sea Floor

Plate Tectonics

Mountain Belts and the Continental Crust

Climate Change

Resources

The Earths Companions

Filters

Two examples of framework silicates are _ and __.

The ___ group and the _ group are sheet silicates characterized by one direction of cleavage.