Exam 6: Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks

The two primary types of carbonate sedimentary rocks are ___ and dolostone.

A(n) ___ is a body of rock of considerable thickness that is large enough to be mappable and with characteristics that distinguish it from adjacent rocks.

The principle of ___ holds that, in a stack of horizontal layers the oldest layer is on the bottom and the layers become younger upward.

Lithification is the general term for the processes that convert loose sediment into a sedimentary rock.

Most sediment is transported some distance by gravity, wind, water or ice.

Sedimentary breccia is a sedimentary rock formed by cementation of coarse angular fragments of rubble.

_____ is a coarse-grained sedimentary rock formed by the cementation of rounded gravel.

Sedimentary rock on ____ will enable planetary geologists to one day unravel its history.

The principle of superposition states that in a stack of horizontal layers the oldest layer is on top.

Oil and natural gas originate from _____ in marine sediments.

Asymmetrical _____ are produced by current flowing in a single direction.

Sediments are unconsolidated, which means the grains are separate and unattached to one another.

______ forms from limestone when the calcium in calcite is partially replaced by magnesium.

_______ limestones are precipitated through the actions of organisms.

Sedimentary structures are features found in sedimentary rocks that provide clues that help interpret their transport and deposition.

Silt is mostly composed of ___ grains.

Continental environments include all of the following except __.

A _____ is a layer of sedimentary rock with a vertical change in particle size, usually from coarse at the bottom to fine at the top.

_____ are precipitated as a result of inorganic processes.

Dolostone (dolomite) often forms from limestone.