Exam 18: Global Climate

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​The use of global-scale technological fixes to counter climate change by either removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere or by changing the amount of sunlight that reaches Earth is called ____.

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B

The most recent North American glaciers reached their maximum thickness and extent between about 26,000 and 20,000 years ago (Ya).​

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​What allowed human and animal migration to occur from Asia to North America?

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​More than ____ percent of the energy trapped by increased greenhouse gases in recent decades has gone into the ocean rather than the atmosphere.

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​Changes in the composition of the atmosphere that cause the Earth's climate to change are one example of a(n) ____________________ cause of climate change.

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The northern-latitude warm spell during the current interglacial period, or Holocene epoch, is sometimes called the ____________________.

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Describe what the Maunder minimum was, and how it may have related to the Little Ice Age.​

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​Volcanoes that have the most impact on global climate seem to be those rich in ____.

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​18,000 years ago, huge ice sheets called ____ covered vast areas of North America and Europe.

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Examining the boron-isotope ratio in ancient ice cores provides a past record of temperature trends.

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​Over the Northern Hemisphere, the period from 1983 to 2012 was likely the warmest 30-year period of the last ____ years, according to the IPCC.

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​Everything else being equal, the more CO2 in the atmosphere, the ____.

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The water vapor-greenhouse feedback represents a positive feedback mechanism.​

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According to the 2013 Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC, the primary source of the increased atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide since the pre-industrial period results from ____________________ use, with land-use change providing another significant but smaller contribution.

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Climate scientists believe that most of the recent global warming is due to increasing levels of ____________________.

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​Earth's atmosphere is in a warming trend that began around the turn of the ____________________century.

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Why might geoengineering proposals pose complex political, financial, and technological challenges?​

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Provide evidence that the average warming experienced over the globe has not been uniform over the past 100 years.​

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​The continental ice sheets over North America disappeared ____.

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​If the number of sulfate aerosols inside a cloud should increase, the cloud would have to share its available moisture with the added nuclei, and ____ cloud droplets would be produced.

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