Question 1

Unlike in the case of goal-setting theory, MBO strongly advocates ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-generated feedback 
B)  explicit time periods 
C)  participatively set goals 
D)  independent tasks 
E)  specific performance objectives

Question 2

Briefly explain Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly explain Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory....

Question 3

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is a lower-order need?

Accepted Answer

A)  social 
B)  safety 
C)  esteem 
D)  self-actualization 
E)  recognition

Question 4

According to Albert Bandura, the most important source of increasing self-efficacy is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  arousal 
B)  vicarious modeling 
C)  verbal persuasion 
D)  enactive mastery 
E)  cognitive learning

Question 5

The concept of ________ considers how strongly peoples' reasons for pursuing goals are consistent with their interests and core values.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-serving bias 
B)  self-fulfilling prophecy 
C)  self-concordance 
D)  self-actualization 
E)  self-efficacy

Question 6

Explain, in terms of McClelland's theory of needs, the relationship between the need for achievement and job performance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain, in terms of McClelland's theory of...

Question 7

Procedural justice refers to the perceived fairness of the method used to determine the distribution of rewards.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true regarding goal-setting theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Goal commitment is more likely when individuals have an external locus of control. 
B)  Externally generated feedback is more powerful than self-generated feedback. 
C)  Generalized goals produce a higher level of output as compared to specific goals. 
D)  People do better when they get feedback on how well they are progressing toward their goals. 
E)  Assigned goals generate greater goal commitment in low rather than high power-distance cultures.

Question 9

________ refers to an individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.

Accepted Answer

A)  Emotional contagion 
B)  Affect intensity 
C)  Self-efficacy 
D)  Self-determination 
E)  Reinforcement

Question 10

Individuals low in self-efficacy respond to negative feedback with increased effort and motivation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following ways of increasing self-efficacy is generally used by motivational speakers?

Accepted Answer

A)  arousal 
B)  enactive mastery 
C)  focused training 
D)  vicarious modeling 
E)  verbal persuasion

Question 12

Edith believes that the methods for determining salary hikes and bonuses in her company are extremely unfair. In this case, Edith perceives a lack of ________ justice.

Accepted Answer

A)  interpersonal 
B)  distributive 
C)  associative 
D)  procedural 
E)  interactional

Question 13

The ________ theory is also called motivation-hygiene theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  hierarchy of needs 
B)  goal-setting 
C)  self-determination 
D)  cognitive evaluation 
E)  two-factor

Question 14

In equity theory, individuals assess the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cost-benefit ratio 
B)  efficiency-effectiveness trade-off 
C)  quantity-quality trade-off 
D)  outcome-input ratio 
E)  quality of outcome

Question 15

According to the equity theory, what are the choices made by employees who perceive inequity?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the equity theory, what are...

Question 16

According to Douglas McGregor's Theory Y, a manager assumes that employees ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  need to be directed 
B)  prefer to be controlled 
C)  learn to accept responsibility 
D)  need to be micromanaged 
E)  attempt to avoid work

Question 17

Jackie thinks that she is paid a lot less than other employees in her division and feels extremely resentful. She starts taking long breaks and generally wastes time. Her actions resulted from a perceived lack of ________ justice.

Accepted Answer

A)  interactional 
B)  interpersonal 
C)  procedural 
D)  distributive 
E)  associative

Question 18

The proponents of reinforcement theory view behavior as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the result of a cognitive process 
B)  environmentally caused 
C)  a reflection of the inner state of the individual 
D)  a function of one's power need 
E)  a product of heredity

Question 19

Which of the following sources of increasing self-efficacy involves gaining relevant experience with a particular task or job?

Accepted Answer

A)  verbal persuasion 
B)  enactive mastery 
C)  vicarious modeling 
D)  arousal 
E)  cognitive learning

Question 20

Why do people who perceive themselves as victims of interactional injustice often blame their immediate supervisor rather than the organization at large?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interactional justice or injustice is intimately tied to the conveyer of the information. 
B)  Interactional injustice usually occurs during face-to-face encounters. 
C)  When people are not treated with respect they tend to retaliate against those closest at hand. 
D)  Interactional injustice is in the eyes of those who perceive they are disrespected. 
E)  Interactional injustice is most often the result of the impersonal policies of the organization.

Exam 7: Motivation Concepts