Question 1

Cardiovascular reactivity refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the relationship between cardiovascular function and arherosclerosis.
B)  that relationship between psychosocial stressors and cardiovascular disease.
C)  the relationship between hypertension and psychosocial stressors.
D)  how much a person's cardiovascular function changes in response to a psychologically significant stimulus.
E)  how much hypertension is caused by a psychosocial stressor. D

Question 2

Illness is defined by---------which are----------whereas disease is defined by that are-----------------.

Accepted Answer

A)  signs; subjective reports of internal states; symptoms; objective indications of a specific process
B)  symptoms; subjective reports of internal states; symptoms; objective indications of a process
C)  signs; subjective reports of internal states; signs; objective indications of a process
D)  signs; subjective reports of internal states; symptoms; objective indication of a process
E)  symptoms; subjective reports of internal states; signs; objective indications of a specific process E

Question 3

Cardiac output,one of the aspects of blood pressure,specifically refers to the diameter of the blood vessels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

There is considerable evidence that experience or expression of anger plays a role in heart disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Kanner,Coyne,Schaefer and Lazarus (1981)suggest that the most common sources of stress in people's lives are

Accepted Answer

A)  inner conflicts.
B)  medical problems.
C)  hassles.
D)  drastic life changes.
E)  financial.

Question 6

According to Alexander (1950)the role psychological factors might play in the development of ulcers is

Accepted Answer

A)  unconscious conflict creates neuronal death in the hypothalamus.
B)  certain personality types are prone to overeating causing medical problems.
C)  lowered immune function as a result of stress allows for bacterial infection.
D)  an unsatisfied desire for love results in an overactivity in the digestive system.
E)  stress decreases the effectiveness of the mucosal stomach lining.

Question 7

In a study conducted by Lazarus and colleagues,the researchers found that by------------------the scenes in films depicting rites of passage,arousal was decreased.

Accepted Answer

A)  re-watching
B)  identifying with
C)  mentally modifying
D)  intellectualizing or denying
E)  ignoring

Question 8

When a sign involves the specific disruption of bodily tissue or normal function of a bodily system,these disruptions are called

Accepted Answer

A)  lesions.
B)  ulcers.
C)  mechanisms.
D)  symptoms.
E)  challenges.

Question 9

Perhaps the best known endocrine hormone system known to be highly responsive to psychosocial variables involves the

Accepted Answer

A)  ovaries.
B)  pancreas.
C)  pineal gland.
D)  HPA axis.
E)  testes.

Question 10

------------is defined as the application of psychological methods and theories to understand origins of disease,individual responses to disease and the dimensions and determinants of good health.

Accepted Answer

A)  Health Psychology
B)  Behavioural medicine
C)  Health Physiology
D)  Biomedicine
E)  Psychosomatic medicine

Question 11

Most organs that are innervated by the sympathetic system

Accepted Answer

A)  are primarily involved in digestion.
B)  are typically accompanied by an awareness of their function.
C)  are also innervated by the parasympathetic branch.
D)  are not innervated by the parasympathetic branch of the nervous system.
E)  are under the control of the parasympathetic branch of the nervous system.

Question 12

Somatic symptom and related disorders involve psychological processes that give rise to apparent physical symptoms without a medical basis; psychological factors affecting medical conditions,in contrast

Accepted Answer

A)  involve psychological processes that give rise to identifiable disturbances in bodily structures and functions.
B)  involve purely emotional processes that give rise to apparent physical symptoms.
C)  are the result of physical processes that have psychological consequences.
D)  involve physical symptoms with physiological causes.
E)  involve purely cognitive processes that result in physical symptoms,without intermediary physiological processes.

Question 13

Therapists might find it difficult to steer clients towards-----------------methods of dealing with threats because---------------methods are negatively reinforced (i.e.,they provide a rapid escape from unpleasant thoughts / feelings associated with the problem).

Accepted Answer

A)  problem-focused coping; emotion-focused coping
B)  reality-based action; self-medicating action
C)  reality-based mood adjustment; self-medicating mood adjustment
D)  practical; intellectualizing-based
E)  practical; denial

Question 14

Cellular immunity is based on the action of granulocytes and monocytes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone

Accepted Answer

A)  informs cells in the liver to convert glycogen to usable sugars.
B)  prompts cells in the adrenal glands to secrete cortisol.
C)  is released by the pineal gland.
D)  is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor.
E)  is a glucocorticoid.

Question 16

In terms of cardiovascular functioning,which of the following is a controllable risk factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  jogging
B)  high blood cholesterol
C)  exercise
D)  marriage
E)  high demand occupations

Question 17

Linden and Chambers (1994)in their study on hypertension,discovered that stress management could

Accepted Answer

A)  never be as effective as drug treatment.
B)  actually worse a patient's condition when standard prescription drugs were not given.
C)  be effective if coupled with drug treatment.
D)  be as effective as drug treatment if targeted and individualized to each patient.
E)  be as effective as drug treatment if implemented in a standardized fashion.

Question 18

"Voodoo Death" is a phenomenon in which

Accepted Answer

A)  sublimated drives result in heart failure.
B)  death is directly caused by voodoo.
C)  ritualistic suicide occurs in Caribbean culture.
D)  people die as a result of a nervous breakdown.
E)  the individual dies after learning that he has been cursed.

Question 19

Cells that remain permanently altered after an immune episode are called

Accepted Answer

A)  B-cells.
B)  Suppressor T-cells.
C)  Memory T-cells.
D)  Helper T-cells.
E)  Natural Killer.

Question 20

In the alarm phase of Hans Selye's (1956)General Adaptation Syndrome,the body

Accepted Answer

A)  waits for the brain to make a "decision" about the threat.
B)  mobilizes its defences.
C)  suffers tissue damage.
D)  is exhausted due to depletion of energy stores.
E)  actively fights or copes with the challenge to the system.

Exam 7: Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions