Question 1

Researchers use inferential statistics when they want to

Accepted Answer

A) draw inferences about how statistically meaningful a study's results are. 
B) organize and summarize research data. 
C) combine and analyze data from many studies. 
D) assess how likely it is that a study's results occurred merely by chance.

Question 2

The hotter the weather,the more muggings tend to occur.This means that

Accepted Answer

A) hot temperatures make people edgy and cause them to commit crimes. 
B) potential victims are more plentiful when the weather warms up. 
C) criminals may find it more comfortable to commit crimes in warm weather. 
D) Any of these explanations is a possibility.

Question 3

The likelihood of lying about a touchy topic on a survey is reduced when respondents

Accepted Answer

A) are paid for their participation in the survey. 
B) receive explanations regarding the importance of the survey. 
C) are questioned by a compassionate interviewer. 
D) are guaranteed anonymity.

Question 4

Unlike cross-sectional studies,in longitudinal studies participants

Accepted Answer

A) in different groups are compared at the same time. 
B) all have them same scores. 
C) are followed over a period of time. 
D) are from different generations.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Many scholarly journals discourage publishing the effect size of results because it can be misleading. 
B) If the results of a study are not statistically significant,it should not be followed up on. 
C) Results may be statistically significant,yet may be small and of little consequence in everyday life. 
D) Effect size is always large when the results are statistically significant.

Question 6

Emelyn,a class of 1901 college graduate,wants to pursue a graduate career in psychology in order to study the ways that various actions help a person adapt to the environment.The psychological approach of _______________ best matches Emelyn's interests.

Accepted Answer

A) Wilhelm Wundt 
B) William James 
C) Sigmund Freud 
D) Joseph Gall

Question 7

Randy meets a Californian who grows all her own vegetables and refuses to touch any nonorganic food,and he concludes that Californians are overzealous about nutrition.This type of error illustrates the critical thinking guideline of

Accepted Answer

A) don't oversimplify. 
B) define your terms. 
C) be willing to wonder. 
D) ask questions.

Question 8

Procedures used to measure and evaluate personality traits,emotional states,aptitudes,and values are called

Accepted Answer

A) laboratory observations. 
B) psychological tests. 
C) control conditions. 
D) field research.

Question 9

Explain why phrenology is considered today to be a pseudoscience.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why phrenology is considered today to...

Question 10

Which of the following pairs of variables are likely to be uncorrelated?

Accepted Answer

A) average income and the incidence of dental disease 
B) adult shoe size and IQ scores 
C) the price of a car and the age of a car 
D) hours spent watching TV and grade point average

Question 11

Psychology became a formal discipline in the sixteenth century.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

According to the psychodynamic perspective,human behavior is understood by

Accepted Answer

A) careful introspection and reflection on sensations and thoughts. 
B) looking at inner forces,conflicts,and instinctual energy. 
C) examining the causes and consequences of behavior. 
D) studying the nervous system and the dynamics of the brain.

Question 13

The link between _________________________ is a good example of an illusory correlation.

Accepted Answer

A) smoking and lung cancer 
B) vaccines and autism 
C) TV watching and grades 
D) all negative correlations

Question 14

Professor King approaches questions about human behavior from a perspective which emphasizes the rewards and punishments that maintain certain specific behaviors.He does not invoke the mind to explain behavior but sticks to what he can observe and measure directly.It is most likely that he accepts which of the following psychological approaches?

Accepted Answer

A) sociocultural 
B) learning 
C) cognitive 
D) psychodynamic

Question 15

Dr.Pack is interested in how young children watch their older siblings and then imitate their behavior.Her approach is a combination of behaviorism and research on thoughts,values,and intentions.Dr.Pack is best described as a

Accepted Answer

A) social-cognitive learning theorist. 
B) psychodynamic psychologist. 
C) sociocultural psychologist. 
D) cognitive psychologist.

Question 16

"My memory of getting knocked down by a wave at Newport Beach could be based on what my parents told me later,not my own recollection." This example illustrates which of the following critical thinking guidelines?

Accepted Answer

A) define your terms 
B) examine the evidence 
C) consider other interpretations 
D) don't oversimplify

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the use of animals in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

A) They must give informed consent before being used. 
B) They are no longer used in psychological research. 
C) Federal regulations governing their housing and care have been strengthened. 
D) The American Psychological Association objects to their use.

Question 18

What does it mean to say that TV watching is positively correlated with children's aggressiveness?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does it mean to say that...

Question 19

If we have enough participants in our study and use a random assignment procedure,then individual characteristics that could possibly affect the results are likely to be roughly balanced in the two groups.

Accepted Answer