Question 1

Which behaviourist acknowledged that learning can happen without directly receiving consequences?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skinner 
B)  Thorndike 
C)  Bandura 
D)  Watson

Question 2

The advent of computer technology in the 1950s and 1960s spurred growth in the field of ___.More recently,advances in imaging have sparked the field of ___.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive psychology; neuroscience 
B)  neuroscience; cognitive psychology 
C)  experimental psychology; neuroscience 
D)  developmental psychology; neuroscience

Question 3

Which of the following types of evidence provided the foundation for Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  survey responses of large samples of adults 
B)  observations of adults in everyday contexts 
C)  archival data: newspaper reports, historical records, and the like 
D)  case studies of patients in therapy

Question 4

Psychology does NOT rely on controlled observations or experimentation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Neuroscientists believe that depression is caused in part by ineffective use of a neurochemical in the brain called serotonin.Which shared value of psychology does this describe?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychology is theory-driven. 
B)  Psychology is empirical. 
C)  Psychology is multi-level. 
D)  Psychology is contextual.

Question 6

Aristotle was one of the first to promote

Accepted Answer

A)  philosophy as a father of psychology. 
B)  the idea that the mind and body were separate entities. 
C)  the empirical study of events in the world. 
D)  the belief that animals have a soul and are capable of free will.

Question 7

Although structuralism no longer exists as a formal school of thought,some of its principles are still evident in today's psychology.Which of the following is one of these structuralist principles that we still see in today's psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Introspection can be a valuable tool in combination with more scientific techniques. 
B)  We can learn a lot about mental processes by studying what happens when they fail. 
C)  Psychological research should focus on observable behaviour. 
D)  The idea that there are many influences on behaviour and that we are only aware of a subset of them.

Question 8

William James did not agree that consciousness could be examined as a set of static parts,and instead argued that consciousness

Accepted Answer

A)  is driven by the unconscious. 
B)  involves an ever-changing stream of mental events. 
C)  is the sum of the parts. 
D)  involves perceptually organizing our environment into wholes based on the individual parts.

Question 9

What new form of therapy focuses on increasing clients' sense of engagement rather than targeting specific symptoms of mental dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What new form of therapy focuses on...

Question 10

Unlike the earlier work of the structuralists,functionalists,and Gestaltists,psychoanalytic theorists focused on mental processes that occur in the ___ mind.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unlike the earlier work of the structuralists,functionalists,and...

Question 11

Mental processes describe the activity of our brains when we are engaged in thinking.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following pioneered the area of psychophysics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rene Descartes 
B)  Johannes Muller 
C)  Herman von Helmholtz 
D)  Gustav Fechner

Question 13

Fiona was just told by her philosophy major boyfriend that her mind is like that of a newborn's,according to John Locke.How should she feel about this comment?

Accepted Answer

A)  flattered, he sees her as innocent and trusting 
B)  happy, he's obviously thinking long-term 
C)  upset, he's thinking about his work when he's with her 
D)  insulted, he's calling her empty headed

Question 14

Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the influences of early myths and...

Question 15

Dr.Parker is interested in studying how different strategies affect memory.To what school of thought does Dr.Parker most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviourism 
B)  cognitive psychology 
C)  humanism 
D)  evolutionary psychology

Question 16

What goal of psychology attempts to characterize and discuss observations about behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  description 
B)  explanation 
C)  prediction 
D)  control

Question 17

Which school of thought is most likely to ask questions about how our brains process information?

Accepted Answer

A)  psychobiology 
B)  cognitive psychology 
C)  evolutionary psychology 
D)  behaviourism

Question 18

In a study that asks participants from various cultures to explain what makes them happy,Chinese participants described interpersonal interactions and evaluations from others.
This displays the ___ aspects of Chinese culture.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a study that asks participants from...

Question 19

During psychology's early history,the primary method for exploring internal mental processes was to observe outward ___.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During psychology's early history,the primary method for...

Question 20

Provide an example of a reinforcing behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide an example of a reinforcing behaviour....

Exam 1: Psychology Yesterday and Today