Question 1

According to Jerome Kagan, children with which of the following types of temperament at age two to three later showed social phobia symptoms at seven years of age?

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibited 
B)  extremely uninhibited 
C)  intermediate 
D)  surgent

Question 2

What types of behaviors in caregivers create a sense of shame and doubt in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  overprotectiveness and criticism 
B)  neglectfulness and indifference 
C)  enmeshment and fear 
D)  patience and tolerance

Question 3

Name the ethological psychiatrist who believes that both infants and their primary caregivers are biologically predisposed to form attachments.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name the ethological psychiatrist who believes that...

Question 4

According to critics, the Strange Situation might not be able to capture important differences among infants because

Accepted Answer

A)  it is a controlled, artificial situation. 
B)  there is too little control of contextual factors in it. 
C)  its information is biased by observers' impressions. 
D)  as a measure of attachment, it may be culturally biased.

Question 5

Austin is in the Strange Situation and shows strong patterns of avoidance and resistance. He also displays extreme fearfulness around the caregiver. He would be classified as being

Accepted Answer

A)  resistant. 
B)  avoidant. 
C)  attached. 
D)  disorganized.

Question 6

Eva wanted to check if her 8-month-old nephew, Michael, could recognize his own reflection in a mirror. She places him in front of a mirror and applies a bit of baby powder on his nose. Which of the following is most likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Michael will touch his own nose to wipe off the powder. 
B)  Michael will touch the reflection of his nose on the mirror because he wants to wipe the powder off his own nose. 
C)  Michael will touch the reflection on the mirror because he wonders why the other child has powder on his nose. 
D)  Michael will crawl away from the mirror because he does not recognize his own reflection in the mirror.

Question 7

Carla is discussing stranger anxiety in toddlers with her friend, Maria. She tells Maria that her toddler, Beth, showed less stranger anxiety when she met her new nanny in their home. Which of the following statements best explains Beth's reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Beth showed less stranger anxiety as she is used to being taken care of by nannies. 
B)  Beth showed less stranger anxiety as she was in a familiar setting. 
C)  Beth showed less stranger anxiety as she likes meeting strangers and is comfortable with them. 
D)  Beth showed less stranger anxiety as she is a disorganized child who was confused and did not know how to react.

Question 8

Which of the following is a primary emotion?

Accepted Answer

A)  shame 
B)  anger 
C)  jealousy 
D)  pride

Question 9

Twenty-four-month-old Tyler is placed in front of a mirror with a spot of rouge on his nose. Tyler will most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  touch his own nose to wipe off the spot. 
B)  touch the spot on the mirror because he wants to wipe the spot off his own nose. 
C)  touch the spot on the mirror because he wonders why the other child has a spot on his nose. 
D)  crawl away from the mirror because he does not recognize himself with the spot on his nose.

Question 10

Eva's mother describes her as a mildly active child. She also feels that Eva's mood is marginally negative. According to Chess and Thomas' classification, which of the following characteristics is Eva most likely to demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eva tends to throw tantrums and cry frequently. 
B)  Eva accepts and adapts easily to changes around her. 
C)  Eva displays a low intensity of mood. 
D)  Eva engages in irregular daily routines.

Question 11

Which of the following best exemplifies the difference between how mothers and fathers interact with their children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mothers smile more at their children. 
B)  Fathers engage in more physical play with their children. 
C)  Mothers express more emotions with their children. 
D)  Fathers are less affectionate with their children.

Question 12

According to Freud, infants become attached to the person or object

Accepted Answer

A)  that is perceived to be a non-stranger. 
B)  that provides physical comfort. 
C)  that provides oral satisfaction. 
D)  that provides a sense of trust.

Question 13

Two-month-old Trey is crying loudly. It is a sudden long, initial loud cry followed by breath holding. This type of cry indicates that Trey is

Accepted Answer

A)  experiencing pain. 
B)  experiencing embarrassment. 
C)  very angry. 
D)  very hungry.

Question 14

Which of the following is the best description of scaffolding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parents time interactions in such a way that the infant experiences turn taking with the parents. 
B)  The caregiver and the infant focus on the same object or event. 
C)  Mothers and their infants interact in a dance-like pattern of closely coordinated actions. 
D)  The child is presented with a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with the caregiver.

Question 15

When put on the floor to play, baby Elaine cries as if she wants to be held. When her mother picks her up though, Elaine pushes away with both arms and turns her head away. Mary Ainsworth would say that Elaine is

Accepted Answer

A)  securely attached. 
B)  insecure avoidant. 
C)  insecure resistant. 
D)  insecure disorganized.

Question 16

The ________ model involves connections across domains over time that influence developmental pathways and outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal working 
B)  external working 
C)  Strange Situation 
D)  developmental cascade

Question 17

John Bowlby argued that infants develop a(n) ________ model of attachment.

Accepted Answer

A)  external working 
B)  internal working 
C)  external passive 
D)  internal passive

Question 18

Separation protest is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  rejoicing when the caregiver returns. 
B)  crying when the caregiver shouts. 
C)  crying when the caregiver leaves. 
D)  indifference to the whereabouts of the caregiver.

Question 19

Identify a form of reciprocal socialization in which parents time interactions in such a way that the infant experiences turn taking with parents.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify a form of reciprocal socialization in...

Question 20

According to the Strange Situation created by Mary Ainsworth, which of the following babies would appear disoriented?

Accepted Answer

A)  tina, a baby who is securely attached to her caregiver 
B)  henry, who is an insecure resistant baby 
C)  clara, who is an insecure disorganized baby 
D)  tobias, a baby who is insecure and avoidant toward his caregiver

Exam 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy