Question 1

Which of the following terms refers to responding to another person's feelings with an emotion that echoes the other's feelings?

Accepted Answer

A)  anxiety 
B)  empathy 
C)  coaching 
D)  modeling

Question 2

Laurie Kramer, who has conducted a number of research studies on siblings, says that

Accepted Answer

A)  it is best to not intervene in sibling conflict and to allow the siblings to work it out on their own. 
B)  it is best to let sibling conflicts escalate so that children learn coping strategies to handle anger and disagreement with peers. 
C)  intervening and helping children resolve sibling conflict are not good strategies. 
D)  not intervening and letting sibling conflict escalate are not good strategies.

Question 3

Which of the following is most likely a function that a child's peer group performs which is difficult for a sibling to do?

Accepted Answer

A)  having a same-sex friend 
B)  getting a chance to share intimate feelings 
C)  providing comparison on how the child compares with other children of the same age 
D)  giving a view of what the world looks like from another person's perspective

Question 4

According to a research study by Kramer and Perozynski (1999), in families with two siblings 2 to 5 years of age, the most frequent parental reaction to verbal or physical sibling confrontations is to

Accepted Answer

A)  threaten the children. 
B)  try to help the children. 
C)  admonish the children. 
D)  do nothing at all.

Question 5

Discuss the negative influence of too much screen time on children.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the negative influence of too much...

Question 6

________ psychologists propose that men have gradually changed over time to have dispositions that favor competition and risk taking.

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychoanalytic 
B)  Evolutionary 
C)  Behavioral 
D)  Social learning

Question 7

What are some of the differences between emotion-coaching and emotion-dismissing parents?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are some of the differences between...

Question 8

Who among the following is most likely to be rejected by peers based on conformation to gender roles?

Accepted Answer

A)  a little girl in boy's clothing 
B)  a little boy playing with a doll 
C)  a little boy playing with a toy truck 
D)  a little girl carrying a baseball mitt

Question 9

In the context of the types of children's play, identify a true statement about pretense play.

Accepted Answer

A)  In this type of play, children transform the physical environment into a symbol. 
B)  This type of play often appears at about 7 months of age. 
C)  In this type of play, children refuse to share their pretend play with peers. 
D)  In this type of play, children transform people and act toward them as if they were other people.

Question 10

In the context of working parents, a consistent finding is that in contrast to children whose mothers are not employed outside the home, children of working mothers

Accepted Answer

A)  have more egalitarian views of gender. 
B)  engage in more gender stereotyping. 
C)  are more stressed and demanding. 
D)  enjoy more free time.

Question 11

Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky considered play to be valuable because

Accepted Answer

A)  it helps children release tension. 
B)  it advances children's cognitive development. 
C)  it helps children satisfy their need for mastery over their environment. 
D)  it allows children to interact with their peers.

Question 12

Which statement best summarizes Daniel Berlyne's views about children's play?

Accepted Answer

A)  Play is important for developing motor skills and coordination. 
B)  Play is important only because it occupies children during times when they are not learning more important things. 
C)  Children use play to digest past experiences and to derive meaning from what has happened to them. 
D)  Children use play to explore new things to satisfy their natural curiosity about the world.

Question 13

Maria believes that if a rule is broken, punishment will be meted out immediately. In the context of Jean Piaget's theory of moral development, this scenario indicates that Maria believes in the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  immanent justice. 
B)  restorative justice. 
C)  reciprocal socialization. 
D)  egocentrism.

Question 14

________ parents interact with their children in a less rejecting manner, use more scaffolding and praise, and are more nurturant than are emotion-dismissing parents.

Accepted Answer

A)  Emotion-dismissing 
B)  Emotion-facilitator 
C)  Emotion-coaching 
D)  Emotion-encouraging

Question 15

Gender ________ refers to acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role.

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition 
B)  reflection 
C)  typing 
D)  acceptance

Question 16

Michael, aged four, loves playing with toy cars and airplanes, and his idea of play involves wrestling and pushing his friends. Melanie, also aged four, loves playing with her dolls and doll house, and her idea of play is to have a tea party with her dolls and friends. Both are exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A)  inappropriate behavior. 
B)  sex-typed behavior. 
C)  rebellious behavior. 
D)  gender confusion.

Question 17

Children are internally motivated to perceive the world and to act in accordance with their developing

Accepted Answer

A)  preferences. 
B)  schemas. 
C)  roles. 
D)  orientations.

Question 18

According to evolutionary psychologists, natural selection favored females who chose

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple partners to have many children. 
B)  a mate who would stay home and help raise the children than provide resources. 
C)  ambitious mates who could provide their children with resources and protection. 
D)  short-term mating strategies.

Question 19

The social role theory suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  social hierarchy and division of labor are important causes of gender differences in power, assertiveness, and nurturing. 
B)  the mother role and the father role are social constructions that have emerged from our evolutionary past. 
C)  social roles are chosen, not determined. 
D)  nature is the primary determinant of differences between the social labels that we call "gender."

Question 20

The ability to discern another's inner psychological state is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  correspondence. 
B)  congruence. 
C)  perspective taking. 
D)  nurturance.

Exam 8: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood