Question 1

In the context of domain theory, which of the following scenarios best represents social conventional reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sheila raising her hand before speaking in class 
B)  Monica providing the airport staff with her passport before boarding her flight 
C)  Damian undergoing a medical test before donating blood to another person 
D)  Mathew punishing his son for lying

Question 2

List and describe the levels of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and describe the levels of Lawrence...

Question 3

Most of Blanca's classmates call her a "bully," and many say that they "don't like her at all." Only few children consider her to be a friend. Which of the following is Blanca's probable peer status?

Accepted Answer

A)  popular 
B)  neglected 
C)  rejected 
D)  controversial

Question 4

Gavin is rarely nominated as a best friend, but his peers don't dislike him. In the context of peer statuses, Gavin would be classified as a(n) ________ child.

Accepted Answer

A)  controversial 
B)  rejected 
C)  neglected 
D)  average

Question 5

In the context of parent-child relationships, the major shift to autonomy with regard to children does not occur until about age ________ or later.

Accepted Answer

A)  nine 
B)  sixteen 
C)  twelve 
D)  five

Question 6

How does the development of self-understanding change from middle to late childhood? Illustrate your answer with examples.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the development of self-understanding change...

Question 7

In the context of peer statuses, ________ children give out reinforcements, listen carefully, maintain open lines of communication with peers, are happy, control their negative emotions, act like themselves, show enthusiasm and concern for others, and are self-confident without being conceited.

Accepted Answer

A)  rejected 
B)  controversial 
C)  average 
D)  popular

Question 8

According to John Coie, which of the following is a reason why aggressive, peer-rejected boys have problems in social relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are more impulsive and have problems sustaining attention. 
B)  They are less emotionally reactive. 
C)  They receive an average number of both positive and negative nominations from their peers. 
D)  They are unappreciated by their parents and teachers.

Question 9

In a survey, participants were asked whether buying a stolen television is morally right. More than 80 percent of the respondents said that it is morally wrong. However, 50 percent of the respondents admitted that they would buy the television if guaranteed that they would not be caught. In the context of the scenario, which of the following statements would most likely serve as a criticism for Lawrence Kohlberg's theory on moral development?

Accepted Answer

A)  As people age, their moral reasoning is increasingly based on the application of standards set by others. 
B)  Moral thinking is an intuitive gut reaction. 
C)  Purchasing stolen property is an accepted social convention. 
D)  Moral reasoning can sometimes be a shelter for immoral behavior.

Question 10

A person who is arrested for stealing company documents says, "Yes, I did steal the documents, and I am willing to go to jail for it. These documents prove that the company was engaging in a cover-up of the unsafe properties of its chemical. I think the public has a right to know about it." Lawrence Kohlberg would classify this person as using ________ reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A)  conventional 
B)  unconventional 
C)  preconventional 
D)  postconventional

Question 11

Megan bases her moral decisions on fear of punishment. In the context of Kohlberg's levels of moral thinking, Megan is currently in the ________ reasoning level of moral thinking.

Accepted Answer

A)  preconventional 
B)  conventional 
C)  interconventional 
D)  postconventional

Question 12

Which of the following is an important distinction between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unlike a psychiatrist, a psychologist cannot prescribe medication. 
B)  Unlike a psychiatrist, a psychologist has a medical degree. 
C)  Unlike a psychiatrist, a psychologist has an undergraduate degree. 
D)  Unlike a psychiatrist, a psychologist must spend 3 to 4 years as a resident physician.

Question 13

Which of the following statements reflects Carol Gilligan's criticism of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kohlberg's theory is based on a male norm that puts abstract principles above relationships and concern for others. 
B)  Kohlberg's theory sees an individual as a product of a family process and as dependent on the process to make moral decisions. 
C)  Kohlberg's theory does not capture much of the moral reasoning voiced in various cultures around the world. 
D)  Kohlberg's theory places too much emphasis on moral behavior and not enough emphasis on moral thought.

Question 14

Children have the highest self-esteem when

Accepted Answer

A)  they are competent in all tasks that are given to them. 
B)  they perform competently in domains that are important to them. 
C)  they are extrinsically rewarded by role models. 
D)  they are encouraged to avoid problems they face rather than cope with them.

Question 15

Across childhood and adolescence, research suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  females engage in more prosocial behavior than males do. 
B)  males engage in more prosocial behavior than females do. 
C)  girls are likely to be more aggressive than boys. 
D)  boys are better at reading and writing than girls.

Question 16

In contrast with Kohlberg's theory, Gilligan argues for a(n) ________ perspective, which views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others.

Accepted Answer

A)  justice 
B)  care 
C)  nonegocentric 
D)  egocentric

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true of stepfamilies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most stepfamilies are preceded by divorce rather than death of a spouse. 
B)  Stepfamilies include far more infants or preschool children than elementary and secondary school children. 
C)  The histories and multiple relationships involved in stepfamilies make adjustment between the couples simpler. 
D)  In stepmother families, the mother typically has custody of the children and remarries, introducing a stepfather into her children's lives.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true of bullying in the social context of a peer group?

Accepted Answer

A)  Frequent bullying is linked to high social status as indexed by perceived popularity in the peer group. 
B)  Bullies are usually rejected by their peer group. 
C)  Classmates of bullying victims are usually unaware of bullying incidents. 
D)  Bullies avoid tormenting victims in front of their peers.

Question 19

Which of the following is true of schools in low-income areas?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have higher attendance compared with schools in high-income areas. 
B)  Federal and state governments actively participate in the facilitation and assessment of the curricula. 
C)  They have very high graduation rates. 
D)  Teaching is more likely to encourage rote learning.

Question 20

Which of the following is a recommendation offered by Eva Pomerantz for parents who want to increase the motivation of their children and adolescents to do well in school?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parents should realize that children's and adolescents' abilities are not fixed and can change. 
B)  Parents should avoid getting involved in their children's and adolescents' academic life often. 
C)  Parents should understand that all children and adolescents are similar. 
D)  Parents should follow an authoritarian style of parenting to produce emotional stability in their children and adolescents.

Exam 10: Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood