Question 1

Remineralization is caused by the caries process.This process occurs when,in the presence of fermentable carbohydrates,specific microorganisms produce organic acids that are capable of dissolving the inorganic components from the enamel and dentin.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B)   Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related.
C)   The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT.
D)   The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct.
E)   NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct. D

Question 2

Which of the following recommendations are appropriate for a 15 year old with a low caries risk who resides in a nonfluoridated community?

Accepted Answer

A)   Fluoride dentifrice and dietary fluoride supplements
B)   Fluoride dentifrice and xylitol gum or mints
C)   Fluoride dentifrice and prescription concentration (5,000 ppm) fluoride mouthrinse
D)   Dietary fluoride supplements and prescription concentration (5,000 ppm) fluoride dentifrice B

Question 3

Which of the following dietary practices concerning sugars and refined carbohydrates correlates with the highest caries risk?

Accepted Answer

A)   Frequency of intake
B)   Amount consumed
C)   Physical nature of the substrate
D)   Exposure at a meal A

Question 4

A white spot lesion on a smooth surface is an example of a disease indicator.Adequate saliva flow is considered a risk factor for caries.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both statements are true.
B)   Both statements are false.
C)   The first statement is true; the second is false.
D)   The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 5

Caries is a process that,if identified in the early stages,is reversible by remineralization of the affected area.When cavitation or a break in the enamel occurs,remineralization is no longer feasible and restorative treatment is indicated.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both statements are true.
B)   Both statements are false.
C)   The first statement is true; the second is false.
D)   The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 6

The acidic environment causes a drop in the pH in the oral cavity,which results in a loss of calcium and phosphate from which crystals of the enamel surfaces?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hydroxyapatite
B)   Fluorohydroxyapatite
C)   Calcium oxyapatite
D)   Both A and B
E)   Both B and C

Question 7

The four primary factors implicated in the development of a carious lesion are: a susceptible host tooth,acidogenic microorganisms,available fermentable carbohydrate substrate,and

Accepted Answer

A)   A plaque-free tooth surface
B)   Presence of dental biomaterials
C)   Sufficient period of time for these factors to occur
D)   Frequent smoking of tobacco products

Question 8

Minimal intervention dentistry incorporates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Removal of gross decay
B)   Assessment of caries risk
C)   Treatment of carious lesions on a microscopic level
D)   A,B,and C
E)   B and C

Question 9

Patients at high risk for caries need to retain higher fluoride reservoirs.Dental hygienists should advise caries-prone individuals to spit out remaining toothpaste when brushing their teeth and avoid rinsing with water.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B)   Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related.
C)   The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT.
D)   The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct.

Question 10

Which of the following bacteria is MOST commonly involved in the caries process?

Accepted Answer

A)   Actinomyces species
B)   Streptococcus sanguinis
C)   Mutans streptococci
D)   Lactobacillus

Question 11

The dental caries disease process is dynamic in nature.Therefore,the patient has no need to be assessed frequently to evaluate and monitor disease activity.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both statements are true.
B)   Both statements are false.
C)   The first statement is true; the second is false.
D)   The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 12

These microorganisms tend to suppress or displace other acidogenic bacteria due to the low pH and are one of the most acid tolerant of the cariogenic microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

A)   Streptococcus mutans
B)   Lactobacillus
C)   Streptococcus sobrinus
D)   Actinomyces species

Question 13

Which option promotes greater bacterial adhesion to the tooth and adds mass to the biofilm?

Accepted Answer

A)   Streptococcus mutans
B)   Intracellular polysaccharides
C)   Extracellular polysaccharides
D)   Intercellular mutans

Question 14

To initiate enamel demineralization,the pH must drop to approximately

Accepted Answer

A)   6.0 to 6.5
B)   5.0 to 5.5
C)   4.0 to 4.5
D)   3.0 to 3.5

Question 15

What elements dissociate from the tooth surface during the demineralization process?

Accepted Answer

A)   Fluorapatite
B)   Calcium hydroxide
C)   Calcium citrate and pyrophosphate
D)   Calcium and phosphate

Question 16

Factors that determine outcome by interacting with each other are termed

Accepted Answer

A)   Confounders
B)   Inhibitors
C)   Determinants
D)   Indicators

Question 17

Which of the following microorganisms primarily secretes lactic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)   Streptococcus mutans
B)   Lactobacillus
C)   Streptococcus sobrinus
D)   Actinomyces species

Question 18

__________is the study of dental caries and ____________is the development of caries.

Accepted Answer

A)   Cariology,cariogenesis
B)   Cariogenesis,cariology
C)   Cavitation,demineralization
D)   Cavitology,demineralization

Question 19

Caries management by risk assessment can be defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   An evidence-based disease-management protocol designed for clinical practice
B)   A tool to use when evaluating for dental sealants
C)   A tool that can only be used by dentists,who are permitted to diagnosis
D)   A way to help patients make decisions about periodontal health

Question 20

One factor that is essential for dental caries to occur is

Accepted Answer

A)   High pH
B)   Salivary flow
C)   Presence of acidogenic microorganisms
D)   High-fiber diet

Exam 21: Cariology and Caries Management

Remineralization is caused by the caries process.This process occurs when,in the presence of fermentable carbohydrates,specific microorganisms produce organic acids that are capable of dissolving the inorganic components from the enamel and dentin.

Which of the following recommendations are appropriate for a 15 year old with a low caries risk who resides in a nonfluoridated community?

Which of the following dietary practices concerning sugars and refined carbohydrates correlates with the highest caries risk?

A white spot lesion on a smooth surface is an example of a disease indicator.Adequate saliva flow is considered a risk factor for caries.

Caries is a process that,if identified in the early stages,is reversible by remineralization of the affected area.When cavitation or a break in the enamel occurs,remineralization is no longer feasible and restorative treatment is indicated.

The acidic environment causes a drop in the pH in the oral cavity,which results in a loss of calcium and phosphate from which crystals of the enamel surfaces?

The four primary factors implicated in the development of a carious lesion are: a susceptible host tooth,acidogenic microorganisms,available fermentable carbohydrate substrate,and

Minimal intervention dentistry incorporates which of the following?

Patients at high risk for caries need to retain higher fluoride reservoirs.Dental hygienists should advise caries-prone individuals to spit out remaining toothpaste when brushing their teeth and avoid rinsing with water.

Which of the following bacteria is MOST commonly involved in the caries process?

The dental caries disease process is dynamic in nature.Therefore,the patient has no need to be assessed frequently to evaluate and monitor disease activity.

These microorganisms tend to suppress or displace other acidogenic bacteria due to the low pH and are one of the most acid tolerant of the cariogenic microorganisms.

Which option promotes greater bacterial adhesion to the tooth and adds mass to the biofilm?

To initiate enamel demineralization,the pH must drop to approximately

What elements dissociate from the tooth surface during the demineralization process?

Factors that determine outcome by interacting with each other are termed

Which of the following microorganisms primarily secretes lactic acid?

is the study of dental caries and __is the development of caries.

Caries management by risk assessment can be defined as

One factor that is essential for dental caries to occur is