Question 1

The NEO Personality Inventory is an example of a(n)________ measure of personality.

Accepted Answer

A)  projective 
B)  self-report 
C)  subjective 
D)  observational

Question 2

If you want to see differences in people's personalities,you should observe their behaviors in ________ situations.

Accepted Answer

A)  strong 
B)  weak 
C)  common 
D)  rare

Question 3

Which of the following is a message that might be driven by your pleasure principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  "It is not safe to run with scissors." 
B)  "I should hold that door open for that person carrying all those packages." 
C)  "I want to use his red crayon, so I will see if he will trade for my green crayon." 
D)  "I am thirsty and I need to have a soda right now!"

Question 4

Susan usually does well on her written assignments and she says this is because she works really hard.But when she gets a bad grade on her last written assignment,she says it is because the teacher does not like her.Her explanations show that she is making a

Accepted Answer

A)  self-serving bias. 
B)  reflected appraisal. 
C)  better-than-average effect. 
D)  downward comparison.

Question 5

A) Describe the better-than-average effect.
B) Name at least one area of life in which people tend to show the better-than-average effect (according to research).
C) Give a specific real-world example of this effect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A) Describe the better-than-average effect.
B) Name at...

Question 6

According to research on gender differences in personality,women tend to be ________ than men.

Accepted Answer

A)  more conscientious 
B)  more agreeable 
C)  less agreeable 
D)  less conscientious

Question 7

Maria's psychologist wants to assess her personality.To do so,he has her wear a device that allows him to unobtrusively track her interactions throughout the day.The psychologist is using a(n)________ to measure Maria's personality.

Accepted Answer

A)  projective test 
B)  observational method 
C)  self-report 
D)  electronically activated record

Question 8

Tyra is tall and very thin and appears to be anorexic.She justifies her weight by saying that she is small boned.Tyra's sensible excuse for her eating habits is an example of the ________ defense mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A)  displacement 
B)  rationalization 
C)  projection 
D)  denial

Question 9

Which of the following is an aspect of temperament?

Accepted Answer

A)  emotionality 
B)  agreeableness 
C)  stability 
D)  extraversion

Question 10

When Tori was asked whether she considered herself smart,she immediately answered "Yes,of course." Tori's ability to answer this question about herself effortlessly and automatically suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  she has low self-esteem and is giving a defensive answer. 
B)  her self-schema includes information about her intelligence. 
C)  her self-schema does not include information about her intelligence. 
D)  she has high self-esteem and is very narcissistic.

Question 11

Sam does not try hard at work,because he believes that promotions are completely random and that he has no control over whether he will get promoted.According to expectancy theory,Sam most likely has a(n)________ locus of control.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal 
B)  external 
C)  situational 
D)  dispositional

Question 12

Dr.Carl is a humanistic psychologist studying personality.Which of the following statements is he most likely to say?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Personality is based on a person's unconscious wishes and conflicts." 
B)  "Personality is influenced by a person's uniqueness, growth, and self-understanding." 
C)  "Personality is based on how we think, our expectancies, and our values." 
D)  "Personality can be described by our personal characteristics."

Question 13

Which of the following is a criticism of the Rorschach inkblot test?

Accepted Answer

A)  It identifies too many normal people as psychologically disturbed. 
B)  It reveals unconscious but not conscious motives and conflicts. 
C)  It works well for analyzing women but not men. 
D)  It does not work for analyzing children or teenagers.

Question 14

Which of the following concepts is most clearly related to reflected appraisal?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-schema 
B)  working self-concept 
C)  self-knowledge 
D)  self-esteem

Question 15

Eysenck proposed that the extraversion/introversion dimension of personality is related to activation in the brain.Relative to their optimal level of arousal,extraverts tend to be chronically ________,which is related to activity in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  overaroused; reticular activating system 
B)  under-aroused; reticular activating system 
C)  overaroused; frontal lobes 
D)  under-aroused; frontal lobes

Question 16

Samantha fills out a questionnaire to assess her personality where she answers questions about her own behaviors and characteristics.Samantha is using a(n)________ measure of personality.

Accepted Answer

A)  observational 
B)  projective 
C)  subjective 
D)  self-report

Question 17

Freud thought that anxiety resulted from conflict between ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the id; the superego 
B)  repression; rationalization 
C)  the preconscious; the unconscious 
D)  the oral stage; the anal stage

Question 18

Andy is an angry child whose aggressive behavior has gotten him into trouble.His parents decide to put him in sports to channel some of this anger into a healthier and more productive outlet.According to the psychodynamic theory of personality,his parents are trying to use the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

A)  displacement. 
B)  repression. 
C)  reaction formation. 
D)  sublimation.

Question 19

A) You get a C on your psychology exam.Given this scenario,describe and give an example of an upward comparison,a downward comparison,a temporal comparison,and a self-serving bias.
B) Which of these comparisons would make you feel better about getting a C on your exam?
C) Which of these comparisons would make you feel worse about getting a C on your exam?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A) You get a C on your...

Question 20

Katie is very particular.She likes her apartment to be overly organized and things have to be done correctly or she gets upset.According to psychodynamic theory,Katie is most likely fixated at the ________ phase of psychosexual development.

Accepted Answer

A)  oral 
B)  anal 
C)  phallic 
D)  genital

Exam 13: Self and Personality

The NEO Personality Inventory is an example of a(n) ________ measure of personality.

If you want to see differences in people's personalities,you should observe their behaviors in ________ situations.

Which of the following is a message that might be driven by your pleasure principle?

Susan usually does well on her written assignments and she says this is because she works really hard.But when she gets a bad grade on her last written assignment,she says it is because the teacher does not like her.Her explanations show that she is making a

A) Describe the better-than-average effect. B) Name at least one area of life in which people tend to show the better-than-average effect (according to research). C) Give a specific real-world example of this effect.

According to research on gender differences in personality,women tend to be ________ than men.

Maria's psychologist wants to assess her personality.To do so,he has her wear a device that allows him to unobtrusively track her interactions throughout the day.The psychologist is using a(n) ________ to measure Maria's personality.

Tyra is tall and very thin and appears to be anorexic.She justifies her weight by saying that she is small boned.Tyra's sensible excuse for her eating habits is an example of the ________ defense mechanism.

Which of the following is an aspect of temperament?

When Tori was asked whether she considered herself smart,she immediately answered "Yes,of course." Tori's ability to answer this question about herself effortlessly and automatically suggests that

Sam does not try hard at work,because he believes that promotions are completely random and that he has no control over whether he will get promoted.According to expectancy theory,Sam most likely has a(n) ________ locus of control.

Dr.Carl is a humanistic psychologist studying personality.Which of the following statements is he most likely to say?

Which of the following is a criticism of the Rorschach inkblot test?

Which of the following concepts is most clearly related to reflected appraisal?

Eysenck proposed that the extraversion/introversion dimension of personality is related to activation in the brain.Relative to their optimal level of arousal,extraverts tend to be chronically ,which is related to activity in the .

Samantha fills out a questionnaire to assess her personality where she answers questions about her own behaviors and characteristics.Samantha is using a(n) ________ measure of personality.

Freud thought that anxiety resulted from conflict between and .

Andy is an angry child whose aggressive behavior has gotten him into trouble.His parents decide to put him in sports to channel some of this anger into a healthier and more productive outlet.According to the psychodynamic theory of personality,his parents are trying to use the defense mechanism of

Katie is very particular.She likes her apartment to be overly organized and things have to be done correctly or she gets upset.According to psychodynamic theory,Katie is most likely fixated at the ________ phase of psychosexual development.