Question 1

At a football game,you cannot help but feel excited whenever your team scores a touchdown.Because this is an unlearned response,in terms of classical conditioning,it would be called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned response. 
B)  conditioned stimulus. 
C)  unconditioned response. 
D)  unconditioned stimulus.

Question 2

When Billy's upstairs neighbor wakes up early to take a shower,Billy is typically awakened when the water starts,but then he gets used to the noise and goes back to sleep.In this example,Billy is showing learning through

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioning. 
B)  sensitization. 
C)  habituation. 
D)  modeling.

Question 3

A month ago,Jenny was pulled over for speeding,and because it was her third ticket this year,her license was suspended.Jenny just received her license back and vows never to speed again.In this situation,having her license suspended has served as

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  positive punishment. 
D)  negative punishment.

Question 4

Twins Malcolm and Molly are learning to ride a bike.Molly watches Malcolm's attempts for several minutes and then tries to ride her own bike.During this process,Molly's mirror neurons are

Accepted Answer

A)  never active. 
B)  active when she is watching Malcolm. 
C)  active when she tries to ride her bike. 
D)  active when she watches Malcolm and when she rides her own bike.

Question 5

Vaughn always wears bell-bottom pants because he feels most comfortable in them.Vaughn works for a fashion magazine and constantly tries to influence his magazine's readers to bring bell-bottoms back into style.If successful,Vaughn will have influenced fashion by sharing knowledge about a culture,which is called

Accepted Answer

A)  a meme. 
B)  reinforcement. 
C)  vicarious conditioning. 
D)  observational learning.

Question 6

Professor Kraig is known for his difficult quizzes,which automatically make the students anxious.Immediately before each quiz,he always turns off the projector.Students soon notice that they start to feel anxious when Professor Kraig turns off the projector.In terms of classical conditioning,Professor Kraig turning off the projector is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus. 
B)  conditioned stimulus. 
C)  unconditioned response. 
D)  conditioned response.

Question 7

For each cart of books that Spencer reshelves in the prison library,he receives a chip.He is allowed to collect chips and then trade them in for candy,extra recreation time,or visitation time.The prison uses a token economy,which is a method of

Accepted Answer

A)  variable reinforcement. 
B)  continuous reinforcement. 
C)  positive punishment. 
D)  behavior modification.

Question 8

Thayer is holding her infant cousin and she smiles at the baby.The baby observes Thayer smiling and imitates the smile by smiling back.The baby most likely learned to smile in this situation based on

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement. 
B)  modeling. 
C)  vicarious conditioning. 
D)  insight learning.

Question 9

Jean wants her daughter to eat her vegetables so she is healthy.Jean tells her daughter that after she eats her vegetables she can play outside,which is one of her daughter's favorite things to do.In this situation,Jean is using ________ to increase her daughter's eating of vegetables.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement 
B)  positive punishment 
C)  the Premack principle 
D)  primary reinforcement

Question 10

Pederson's teacher blows a whistle when it is time for his class to come in from recess.Pederson is afraid of being left on the playground alone,so he starts to go inside any time he hears a sound like the teacher's whistle,such as the school bell ringing.Pederson's behavior is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  second-order conditioning. 
B)  stimulus discrimination. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  stimulus generalization.

Question 11

Sandra is toilet training her son and only rewards him some of the time when he uses the toilet.Sandra knows that using partial reinforcement creates behaviors that are more enduring than does continuous reinforcement,which is a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  the partial-reinforcement extinction effect. 
B)  the law of effect. 
C)  primary reinforcement. 
D)  the Premack principle.

Question 12

Mike wants to teach his 2-year-old brother to dunk a basketball in a mini basketball net.
A) Describe shaping and explain how Mike would be able to use this to teach his brother to dunk.
B) How are primary and secondary reinforcers similar and different? Give an example of each that Mike could use to reinforce his brother.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mike wants to teach his 2-year-old brother...

Question 13

If getting $1 for every correct answer on this test makes you study harder for the next test,then being given $1 is a form of

Accepted Answer

A)  positive punishment. 
B)  negative punishment. 
C)  positive reinforcement. 
D)  negative reinforcement.

Question 14

George is traveling to visit his friend Ryan in a neighboring town but has to take a detour due to road construction.At first George feels lost,but then he notices a sign for Madison Street and immediately knows where he is and how to navigate to Ryan's house.In this situation,George has reached Ryan's by using

Accepted Answer

A)  a cognitive map. 
B)  insight learning. 
C)  positive reinforcement. 
D)  positive punishment.

Question 15

Jonathan is traveling to Italy,and his motto for his trip is "When in Rome,do as the Romans do!" This phrase suggests that Jonathan is most likely to learn how to behave in Rome based on

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  habituation.

Question 16

Reinforcement that comes after a predetermined amount of time is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  variable ratio. 
B)  fixed ratio. 
C)  fixed interval. 
D)  variable interval.

Question 17

Positive punishment causes a(n)________ in behavior through the ________ of a stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase; addition 
B)  decrease; removal 
C)  decrease; addition 
D)  increase; removal

Question 18

In Pavlov's research,dogs learned that the sound of a metronome predicted the arrival of food,so the dogs salivated at the sound of the metronome.In this research,classical conditioning occurred in part because the ________ elicited a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus (food); unconditioned response (salivation) 
B)  conditioned stimulus (food); conditioned response (salivation) 
C)  unconditioned stimulus (metronome); conditioned response (salivation) 
D)  conditioned stimulus (metronome); unconditioned response (salivation)

Question 19

Ben's father,Sean,is very authoritative.He often puts Ben in a time-out for fighting with his sister,takes away his favorite toy when he stays up past his bedtime,and restricts his daily TV time if he does not get good grades.Ben's mother,Tanya,is friendly and supportive.She frequently takes Ben for ice cream when he does well on his homework assignments,praises him when he comes home from tennis practice,and gives him a weekly allowance if he completes his chores.
A) Write a definition of operant conditioning.
B) Are Sean and Tanya using reinforcement or punishment? Be specific in explaining your answer.How do you know which one each parent is using?
C) Give one example of how Sean could use the Premack principle to get Ben to go to bed on time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ben's father,Sean,is very authoritative.He often puts Ben...

Question 20

If you are trying to use classical conditioning to train your pet mouse to be afraid of a flashing light,you will most likely be successful if you

Accepted Answer

A)  pair the light with giving the mouse a treat. 
B)  pair the light with an electric shock. 
C)  take away the mouse's food after the light comes on. 
D)  take away the mouse's food before the light comes on.

Exam 6: Learning

At a football game,you cannot help but feel excited whenever your team scores a touchdown.Because this is an unlearned response,in terms of classical conditioning,it would be called a(n)

When Billy's upstairs neighbor wakes up early to take a shower,Billy is typically awakened when the water starts,but then he gets used to the noise and goes back to sleep.In this example,Billy is showing learning through

A month ago,Jenny was pulled over for speeding,and because it was her third ticket this year,her license was suspended.Jenny just received her license back and vows never to speed again.In this situation,having her license suspended has served as

Twins Malcolm and Molly are learning to ride a bike.Molly watches Malcolm's attempts for several minutes and then tries to ride her own bike.During this process,Molly's mirror neurons are

For each cart of books that Spencer reshelves in the prison library,he receives a chip.He is allowed to collect chips and then trade them in for candy,extra recreation time,or visitation time.The prison uses a token economy,which is a method of

Thayer is holding her infant cousin and she smiles at the baby.The baby observes Thayer smiling and imitates the smile by smiling back.The baby most likely learned to smile in this situation based on

Jean wants her daughter to eat her vegetables so she is healthy.Jean tells her daughter that after she eats her vegetables she can play outside,which is one of her daughter's favorite things to do.In this situation,Jean is using ________ to increase her daughter's eating of vegetables.

Pederson's teacher blows a whistle when it is time for his class to come in from recess.Pederson is afraid of being left on the playground alone,so he starts to go inside any time he hears a sound like the teacher's whistle,such as the school bell ringing.Pederson's behavior is an example of

Sandra is toilet training her son and only rewards him some of the time when he uses the toilet.Sandra knows that using partial reinforcement creates behaviors that are more enduring than does continuous reinforcement,which is a result of

If getting $1 for every correct answer on this test makes you study harder for the next test,then being given $1 is a form of

Jonathan is traveling to Italy,and his motto for his trip is "When in Rome,do as the Romans do!" This phrase suggests that Jonathan is most likely to learn how to behave in Rome based on

Reinforcement that comes after a predetermined amount of time is called a

Positive punishment causes a(n) in behavior through the of a stimulus.

In Pavlov's research,dogs learned that the sound of a metronome predicted the arrival of food,so the dogs salivated at the sound of the metronome.In this research,classical conditioning occurred in part because the elicited a(n) .

If you are trying to use classical conditioning to train your pet mouse to be afraid of a flashing light,you will most likely be successful if you

Exam 6: Learning

At a football game,you cannot help but feel excited whenever your team scores a touchdown.Because this is an unlearned response,in terms of classical conditioning,it would be called a(n)

When Billy's upstairs neighbor wakes up early to take a shower,Billy is typically awakened when the water starts,but then he gets used to the noise and goes back to sleep.In this example,Billy is showing learning through

A month ago,Jenny was pulled over for speeding,and because it was her third ticket this year,her license was suspended.Jenny just received her license back and vows never to speed again.In this situation,having her license suspended has served as

Twins Malcolm and Molly are learning to ride a bike.Molly watches Malcolm's attempts for several minutes and then tries to ride her own bike.During this process,Molly's mirror neurons are

For each cart of books that Spencer reshelves in the prison library,he receives a chip.He is allowed to collect chips and then trade them in for candy,extra recreation time,or visitation time.The prison uses a token economy,which is a method of

Thayer is holding her infant cousin and she smiles at the baby.The baby observes Thayer smiling and imitates the smile by smiling back.The baby most likely learned to smile in this situation based on

Jean wants her daughter to eat her vegetables so she is healthy.Jean tells her daughter that after she eats her vegetables she can play outside,which is one of her daughter's favorite things to do.In this situation,Jean is using ________ to increase her daughter's eating of vegetables.

Pederson's teacher blows a whistle when it is time for his class to come in from recess.Pederson is afraid of being left on the playground alone,so he starts to go inside any time he hears a sound like the teacher's whistle,such as the school bell ringing.Pederson's behavior is an example of

Sandra is toilet training her son and only rewards him some of the time when he uses the toilet.Sandra knows that using partial reinforcement creates behaviors that are more enduring than does continuous reinforcement,which is a result of

If getting $1 for every correct answer on this test makes you study harder for the next test,then being given $1 is a form of

Jonathan is traveling to Italy,and his motto for his trip is "When in Rome,do as the Romans do!" This phrase suggests that Jonathan is most likely to learn how to behave in Rome based on

Reinforcement that comes after a predetermined amount of time is called a

Positive punishment causes a(n) ________ in behavior through the ________ of a stimulus.

In Pavlov's research,dogs learned that the sound of a metronome predicted the arrival of food,so the dogs salivated at the sound of the metronome.In this research,classical conditioning occurred in part because the ________ elicited a(n) ________.

If you are trying to use classical conditioning to train your pet mouse to be afraid of a flashing light,you will most likely be successful if you

Positive punishment causes a(n) in behavior through the of a stimulus.

In Pavlov's research,dogs learned that the sound of a metronome predicted the arrival of food,so the dogs salivated at the sound of the metronome.In this research,classical conditioning occurred in part because the elicited a(n) .