Question 1

One explanation for social facilitation focuses on the role of evaluation apprehension-the anxiety associated with being judged by others-in creating a state of arousal in people.What is the weakness of this explanation?

Accepted Answer

A) Evaluation apprehension is probably not an important issue to cockroaches. 
B) People often misattribute the reasons for their arousal. 
C) Arousal can lead to the social inhibition effect. 
D) Cognitive appraisal processes precede physiological arousal.

Question 2

When women are chosen for leadership positions over units or departments in crisis,

Accepted Answer

A) this is breaking the glass cliff,because women are now in leadership positions. 
B) this is referred to as the glass cliff,because the chance of any leader failing in such a position is higher. 
C) this is breaking the glass ceiling,because the chance of any leader failing in such a position is lower. 
D) this is referred to as the glass ceiling,because men are denied leadership positions.

Question 3

As women's roles have changed in the U.S.during the twentieth century-from being higher status and more educated,to a dip in status during the post-WWII era,to a rise in status with the feminist movement- women's average level of the personality trait ____ has changed correspondingly.

Accepted Answer

A) assertiveness 
B) intelligence 
C) co-dependence 
D) extraversion

Question 4

Which of the following collections of people best represents the social-psychological concept of a true group?

Accepted Answer

A) deliberating members of a twelve-person jury 
B) students in a large lecture course 
C) undergraduates enrolled at a large public university 
D) personnel employed at a large corporation

Question 5

Shared group expectations about how particular group members are expected to behave are called

Accepted Answer

A) norms. 
B) expectancy effects. 
C) roles. 
D) collective standards.

Question 6

Assume that you are playing pool at the student union when several of your buddies surround the table to watch you play.If you are ____ player,you would ____ because of the arousing effects of their presence.

Accepted Answer

A) an excellent; make most of your shots 
B) an excellent; perform worse than usual 
C) mediocre; play better than before 
D) poor; perform better than you have in the past

Question 7

According to the definition provided in your text,which of the following qualifies as a true group?

Accepted Answer

A) people riding in an elevator together 
B) members of a large church congregation 
C) an author,an illustrator,and an editor working on a book together over the internet 
D) six students studying different topics at the same table in the library

Question 8

Martin Luther King Jr.and Mahatma Gandhi led large groups of people in protests against injustice.According to information in your text about the process of deindividuation,why is it that these groups did not behave violently?

Accepted Answer

A) The group norm was non-violence. 
B) They were led by transactional leaders. 
C) There was very little deindividuation among group members. 
D) They were too afraid to behave violently.

Question 9

According to your text,group members tend to ____ in age,sex,beliefs,and opinions.

Accepted Answer

A) come from a variety of backgrounds 
B) range 
C) be similar 
D) seek people dissimilar from themselves

Question 10

The leader who would be most effective is one who uses

Accepted Answer

A) a transactional leadership style. 
B) a transformational leadership style. 
C) both transactional and transformational leadership styles depending on the situation. 
D) a task-oriented or relationship-oriented leadership style,depending on the gender of the employee.

Question 11

____ refers to the tendency of people to perform better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks when others are present.

Accepted Answer

A) Social loafing 
B) Deindividuation 
C) Contingent performance 
D) Social facilitation

Question 12

The authors of your text cite the strategic disaster of the Bay of Pigs in 1961 as an example of

Accepted Answer

A) how individuals usually make worse decisions than groups do. 
B) the only instance in which a group has made a poor decision. 
C) how groups of experts can make poor decisions. 
D) the narrow-mindedness of politicians.

Question 13

In person,Paul is very mild-mannered and kind.However,his posts in anonymous chatrooms are sometimes explicit and offensive in nature.Why would this be the case?

Accepted Answer

A) Anonymity leads to a sense of deindividuation. 
B) The internet is an ideal place to engage in social loafing. 
C) Chatrooms are full of bullies. 
D) Paul has evaluation apprehension online.

Question 14

Norm and Vera are feuding over where to go out to dinner.Norm wants to go to Denny's for the Grand Slam,but Vera wants to go to Sizzler for the all-you-can-eat salad bar.Finally,exchanging a series of proposals and counter proposals,they settle on a new diner in town that has both cheap food and a salad bar.This situation is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) public goods dilemma. 
B) an integrative solution. 
C) a commons dilemma. 
D) process loss.

Question 15

Recall that Twenge (2001)found that women's self-ratings of assertiveness mirrored the opportunities for women that were available socially,becoming more assertive during those times when women's roles were more independent and less assertive when women's roles became more dependent.According to the text,the "take-home" message of this finding is

Accepted Answer

A) the social roles that people play can influence their personalities. 
B) people's personalities determine the social roles they are willing to assume. 
C) women are becoming more dominant than men. 
D) women are becoming more independent.

Question 16

The evaluation apprehension explanation for the source of arousal that produces social facilitation posits that ____ leads to increased arousal-and thus to enhanced performance on simple tasks.

Accepted Answer

A) the mere presence of others 
B) a social distraction,such as a loud party, 
C) the presence of others who might judge us 
D) vigilance and divided attention

Question 17

Research by Gardner and Knowles (2008)illustrated that even the presence of impacted performance such that participants did better on ____ tasks and worse on ____ tasks.

Accepted Answer

A) a favorite TV character; complex; simple 
B) an unknown movie star; simple; complex 
C) an unknown actor; complex; simple 
D) a favorite TV character; simple; complex

Question 18

According to a social comparison interpretation,group polarization tends to occur because individuals can present themselves in a more ____ light by taking slightly more ____ positions than the norm of the group.

Accepted Answer

A) positive; extreme 
B) positive; cautious 
C) negative; risky 
D) positive; conservative

Question 19

Proponents of the ____ theory of leadership assume that certain key personality traits (e.g.,decisiveness,intelligence,compassion)make someone a good leader.

Accepted Answer

A) contingency 
B) democratic 
C) great person 
D) autocratic

Question 20

Is it true that deindividuation always leads people to act negatively or violently?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes,look at evidence of massacres and lynch mobs. 
B) No,people tend to follow the group norm,which is not always destructive. 
C) Yes,because people are inherently aggressive,as proven by Milgram's studies. 
D) No,but only for people who have resistant personalities.

Exam 9: Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

One explanation for social facilitation focuses on the role of evaluation apprehension-the anxiety associated with being judged by others-in creating a state of arousal in people.What is the weakness of this explanation?

When women are chosen for leadership positions over units or departments in crisis,

As women's roles have changed in the U.S.during the twentieth century-from being higher status and more educated,to a dip in status during the post-WWII era,to a rise in status with the feminist movement- women's average level of the personality trait ____ has changed correspondingly.

Which of the following collections of people best represents the social-psychological concept of a true group?

Shared group expectations about how particular group members are expected to behave are called

Assume that you are playing pool at the student union when several of your buddies surround the table to watch you play.If you are player,you would because of the arousing effects of their presence.

According to the definition provided in your text,which of the following qualifies as a true group?

Martin Luther King Jr.and Mahatma Gandhi led large groups of people in protests against injustice.According to information in your text about the process of deindividuation,why is it that these groups did not behave violently?

According to your text,group members tend to ____ in age,sex,beliefs,and opinions.

The leader who would be most effective is one who uses

____ refers to the tendency of people to perform better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks when others are present.

The authors of your text cite the strategic disaster of the Bay of Pigs in 1961 as an example of

In person,Paul is very mild-mannered and kind.However,his posts in anonymous chatrooms are sometimes explicit and offensive in nature.Why would this be the case?

The evaluation apprehension explanation for the source of arousal that produces social facilitation posits that ____ leads to increased arousal-and thus to enhanced performance on simple tasks.

Research by Gardner and Knowles (2008) illustrated that even the presence of impacted performance such that participants did better on tasks and worse on tasks.

According to a social comparison interpretation,group polarization tends to occur because individuals can present themselves in a more light by taking slightly more positions than the norm of the group.

Proponents of the ____ theory of leadership assume that certain key personality traits (e.g.,decisiveness,intelligence,compassion) make someone a good leader.

Is it true that deindividuation always leads people to act negatively or violently?

Exam 9: Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

One explanation for social facilitation focuses on the role of evaluation apprehension-the anxiety associated with being judged by others-in creating a state of arousal in people.What is the weakness of this explanation?

When women are chosen for leadership positions over units or departments in crisis,

As women's roles have changed in the U.S.during the twentieth century-from being higher status and more educated,to a dip in status during the post-WWII era,to a rise in status with the feminist movement- women's average level of the personality trait ____ has changed correspondingly.

Which of the following collections of people best represents the social-psychological concept of a true group?

Shared group expectations about how particular group members are expected to behave are called

Assume that you are playing pool at the student union when several of your buddies surround the table to watch you play.If you are ____ player,you would ____ because of the arousing effects of their presence.

According to the definition provided in your text,which of the following qualifies as a true group?

Martin Luther King Jr.and Mahatma Gandhi led large groups of people in protests against injustice.According to information in your text about the process of deindividuation,why is it that these groups did not behave violently?

According to your text,group members tend to ____ in age,sex,beliefs,and opinions.

The leader who would be most effective is one who uses

____ refers to the tendency of people to perform better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks when others are present.

The authors of your text cite the strategic disaster of the Bay of Pigs in 1961 as an example of

In person,Paul is very mild-mannered and kind.However,his posts in anonymous chatrooms are sometimes explicit and offensive in nature.Why would this be the case?

The evaluation apprehension explanation for the source of arousal that produces social facilitation posits that ____ leads to increased arousal-and thus to enhanced performance on simple tasks.

Research by Gardner and Knowles (2008) illustrated that even the presence of impacted performance such that participants did better on ____ tasks and worse on ____ tasks.

According to a social comparison interpretation,group polarization tends to occur because individuals can present themselves in a more ____ light by taking slightly more ____ positions than the norm of the group.

Proponents of the ____ theory of leadership assume that certain key personality traits (e.g.,decisiveness,intelligence,compassion) make someone a good leader.

Is it true that deindividuation always leads people to act negatively or violently?

Assume that you are playing pool at the student union when several of your buddies surround the table to watch you play.If you are player,you would because of the arousing effects of their presence.

Research by Gardner and Knowles (2008) illustrated that even the presence of impacted performance such that participants did better on tasks and worse on tasks.

According to a social comparison interpretation,group polarization tends to occur because individuals can present themselves in a more light by taking slightly more positions than the norm of the group.